What are the surgical examinations for physical examination

Physical examination and surgical examination mainly include physical examination, lymph node examination, thyroid examination, breast examination, abdominal examination and other items, which can help detect surface abnormalities, organ enlargement and other problems.

1. Physical examination

Observe the skin for abnormalities such as rash, ulcers, pigmentation, etc. through visual and tactile examination, and check the range of motion of the limbs and spinal morphology. Surface masses, varicose veins, joint deformities, and other issues can be detected, and further imaging examinations are required for suspected lesions.

2. Lymph node examination

Palpation of superficial lymph node areas such as the neck, axilla, and groin to evaluate lymph node size, texture, mobility, and tenderness. Abnormally enlarged lymph nodes may be related to infection, tuberculosis, or tumor metastasis, and their nature should be determined by combining blood routine and other examinations.

3. Thyroid examination

uses palpation to examine the size, texture, and presence of nodules in the thyroid gland, and observes thyroid activity in conjunction with swallowing movements. When thyroid enlargement or nodules are detected, it is recommended to undergo thyroid ultrasound and functional examination to rule out diseases such as hyperthyroidism, thyroiditis, or tumors.

4. Breast examination

Women need to undergo breast visual and palpation to observe breast symmetry, skin changes, and palpate for lumps and nipple discharge. For women over 40 years old, it is recommended to combine breast ultrasound or mammography to screen breast hyperplasia, cyst or breast cancer and other diseases at an early stage.

5. Abdominal examination

involves palpation to examine the size of the liver and spleen, the presence of lumps and tenderness in the abdomen, percussion to determine organ position, and auscultation of bowel sounds. When abdominal masses or hepatosplenomegaly are found, further evaluation through abdominal ultrasound or CT is needed to screen for diseases such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, tumors, etc. If abnormal signs are found after the surgical physical examination, targeted examinations should be carried out according to the doctor's advice. It is necessary to maintain skin cleanliness and avoid external injuries in daily life. Women should undergo breast self-examination every month, and those over 40 years old should undergo regular thyroid and abdominal ultrasound screening. Avoid vigorous exercise before the physical examination, wear loose clothing for easy examination, and truthfully inform the doctor of past surgical history and family disease history.