What are the side effects of growth hormone injections for children

Children receiving growth hormone therapy may experience side effects such as redness and swelling at the injection site, joint pain, abnormal blood sugar levels, hypothyroidism, and intracranial hypertension. The use of growth hormone should strictly follow medical advice and regularly monitor growth and biochemical indicators.

1. Injection site reaction:

Local redness, itching, or induration may occur after subcutaneous injection, usually related to injection technique or individual sensitivity. Choosing to rotate injection sites and using aseptic procedures can reduce the incidence rate. Continuous discomfort requires evaluation of whether to change dosage form or adjust injection regimen.

2. Joint and muscle pain: About 15% -20% of children with

will experience transient joint stiffness or muscle pain, which is related to the promotion of soft tissue growth by growth hormone. Symptoms often occur in the early stages of treatment, and appropriate hot compress and low-intensity exercise can alleviate them. Continuous pain requires investigation for other bone and joint diseases.

3. Abnormal glucose metabolism:

Growth hormone may reduce insulin sensitivity, and the incidence of elevated fasting blood glucose is about 3% -8%. Obese children have a higher risk and need to monitor their blood sugar every 3-6 months during treatment. Most of them are transient abnormalities, and in severe cases, endocrine intervention is needed.

4. Hypothyroidism:

Growth hormone may inhibit thyroid hormone conversion, and children with subclinical hypothyroidism are more likely to experience symptoms such as fatigue and chills. It is recommended to screen thyroid function before treatment, recheck TSH every 6 months during treatment, and supplement levothyroxine sodium if necessary.

3. Risk of intracranial hypertension:

Very few children may experience symptoms of increased intracranial pressure such as headache and vomiting, which are related to increased cerebrospinal fluid secretion. Commonly seen in children with idiopathic short stature, symptoms are usually reversible after reducing or suspending medication. Before treatment, intracranial space occupying lesions need to be excluded. Children receiving growth hormone therapy should maintain a balanced diet, with a focus on supplementing high-quality protein and calcium, such as milk, eggs, deep-sea fish, etc. Ensure at least 30 minutes of vertical exercise daily, such as skipping rope or basketball, and avoid excessive weight training. Parents need to record changes in growth curves and regularly review bone age and hormone levels. Seek medical attention immediately when experiencing abnormal symptoms such as persistent headaches, changes in vision, or excessive drinking and urination. During the treatment period, avoid adjusting the dosage on your own, and communicate the medication situation with the doctor before vaccination.