What are the routine physical examination items for women

The main routine physical examination items for women include gynecological examination, breast examination, cervical cancer screening, ultrasound examination, and laboratory examination. These examinations can help identify common gynecological diseases and potential health risks.

1. Gynecological examination:

Gynecological examination is the basic item of female physical examination, including visual and palpation of the external genitalia, vagina, cervix, and uterine adnexa. By observing with the naked eye and palpating with both hands, doctors can preliminarily determine whether there are any growths in the external genitalia, inflammation in the vagina, erosion or polyps in the cervix, normal size and position of the uterus, and tenderness or lumps in the adnexa. This examination is of great significance for detecting common problems such as vaginitis, cervicitis, uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, etc. It is a preliminary screening method that cannot be completely replaced by other examinations.

2. Breast examination:

Breast examination usually includes breast palpation and breast ultrasound. Breast palpation is performed by doctors through manual examination to check for nodules or lumps in the breast, while breast ultrasound can more clearly display the internal structure of the breast and distinguish whether the lump is cystic or solid. For women under 40 years old, ultrasound is the first choice for imaging examination, which can effectively detect benign lesions such as breast hyperplasia and breast fibroma, and has a high detection rate for early breast cancer. It is recommended that women undergo monthly breast self-examination starting from the age of 20 and professional breast examinations once a year.

3. Cervical cancer screening:

Cervical cancer screening mainly includes liquid based thin-layer cytology examination and HPV virus testing. Liquid based thin-layer cytology examination collects cervical exfoliated cells and observes their morphology under a microscope to determine the presence of precancerous lesions or cancer cells. HPV testing directly screens for high-risk human papillomavirus infection, which is the main cause of cervical cancer. The accuracy of the combined screening of the two is very high, and early cervical lesions can be detected. Timely intervention can effectively prevent the occurrence of cervical cancer. It is recommended that women who engage in sexual activity undergo this screening regularly.

4. Ultrasound examination:

Ultrasound examination is widely used in female physical examinations, usually including gynecological ultrasound and breast ultrasound. Gynecological ultrasound can clearly display the shape, size, and presence of space occupying lesions in pelvic organs such as the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes, such as uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, endometrial polyps, etc. Breast ultrasound is used to evaluate the health status of the breast. Ultrasound examination is non-invasive, non radiative, and reproducible, and is an important tool for detecting early lesions in the female reproductive system and breast. Doctors will comprehensively assess the health status based on ultrasound results and other examinations.

5. Laboratory examination:

Laboratory examination is an indispensable part of female physical examination, mainly including blood routine, urine routine, vaginal discharge routine, six items of sex hormones, and tumor markers. Blood routine and urine routine can reflect the basic condition of the body and detect problems such as infection and anemia. White discharge is commonly used to diagnose types of vaginitis. The six tests for sex hormones are helpful in evaluating ovarian function and have diagnostic value for menstrual disorders, perimenopausal syndrome, and other conditions. Tumor markers such as CA125 and HE4 have auxiliary screening significance for gynecological tumors such as ovarian cancer, but they need to be comprehensively judged in combination with imaging examinations. The routine physical examination items for women should be personalized according to age, family history, and personal health status. It is recommended to undergo a comprehensive physical examination once a year, pay attention to a balanced diet, regular sleep, moderate exercise, and maintain a good mentality in daily life. Avoid sexual activity, vaginal medication, and flushing before physical examination, and gynecological examinations should not be performed during menstruation. If abnormal indicators are found, professional doctors should be consulted in a timely manner, and do not interpret or ignore them on your own.