What are the routine examination items in a formal physical examination

The routine examination items in formal physical examination mainly include three categories: physical examination, laboratory examination, and imaging examination. Specifically covering height and weight measurement, blood pressure monitoring, blood routine, urine routine, liver function, kidney function, blood glucose, blood lipids, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, abdominal ultrasound and other items.

1. Physical examination

Physical examination is a basic item for evaluating physical condition through methods such as visual, tactile, and auditory examinations. Mainly including measuring height and weight, calculating body mass index to assess nutritional status, screening for hypertension risk through blood pressure monitoring, evaluating visual, auditory, and oral health status through facial examination, and assessing organ function through cardiopulmonary auscultation and abdominal palpation through internal medicine examination. The physical examination items are simple and non-invasive, but can reflect the basic health status.

2. Laboratory examination

Laboratory examination helps evaluate organ function by detecting body fluids. Blood routine can understand the problems such as red blood cell, white blood cell and platelet count screening anemia infection, urine routine can evaluate renal function and urinary system status, liver function test alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase can reflect liver health status, renal function test creatinine and urine nitrogen can evaluate renal metabolic capacity, blood glucose test can find the risk of diabetes, and blood lipid four total cholesterol and triglyceride test can evaluate the risk of cardiovascular disease.

3. Imaging examination

Imaging examination observes the structural condition of the body in a non-invasive manner. Electrocardiogram recording cardiac electrical activity can detect abnormalities such as arrhythmia and myocardial ischemia. Chest X-ray examination can observe lung inflammation, tuberculosis, and other lesions, as well as the size and shape of the heart. Abdominal ultrasound can examine solid organs such as the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen for lumps, stones, and other lesions. It is recommended to increase thyroid ultrasound examination to assess the risk of thyroid nodules for people over 40 years old.

4. Specialized examinations

Depending on the specific situation, specialized examinations may include gynecological examinations to assess cervical and uterine health status, prostate-specific antigen testing to screen for male prostate disease risk, bone density measurement to assess osteoporosis risk, and tumor marker testing to assist in screening for specific tumor risks. These projects need to be selectively conducted based on personal medical history and family history.

5. Other examinations

Special examinations for specific populations include gastroscopy to assess digestive health status, suitable for individuals over 45 years old or with digestive symptoms, coronary CT screening for coronary heart disease risk, suitable for individuals with a family history of cardiovascular disease, and pulmonary function examination to assess ventilation function, suitable for long-term smokers. Psychological assessment and other examinations can also be included in the physical examination items as needed. The routine physical examination items can be adjusted according to factors such as age, gender, and occupation. It is recommended that people under the age of 40 undergo a basic physical examination every 1-2 years, and people over the age of 40 undergo a comprehensive physical examination every year. Before the physical examination, it is necessary to fast for 8-12 hours and avoid vigorous exercise. Loose clothing should be worn to facilitate the examination. Special examination items require prior confirmation of preparation with the medical examination institution. Maintaining the habit of regular physical examinations can help detect health problems early and obtain the best treatment opportunity.