What are the reasons for the formation of low self-esteem personality

The reasons for the formation of low self-esteem personality include negative childhood experiences, parenting styles, social comparison pressure, traumatic events, long-term self doubt, and other factors.

1. Childhood negative experiences

Children who frequently experience devaluation or neglect in the early stages are prone to developing negative self-awareness. Excessive criticism from parents, peer bullying, or being compared to others for a long time can lead to individuals internalizing negative evaluations, transforming external negativity into doubts about their own value. After this pattern continues to strengthen, even if the environment changes in adulthood, the low self-esteem state may still persist.

2. Family parenting styles

Both authoritarian and indulgent parenting styles may harm the development of self-esteem. The former deprives autonomous experience through high-pressure control, while the latter restricts ability cultivation due to excessive protection. An ideal authoritative upbringing can balance rules and care, helping to establish a stable self-evaluation system. The interaction patterns among family members directly affect individuals' standards for judging their self-worth. In the era of social media, people are more likely to fall into the dilemma of upward social comparison. When an individual continues to compare their weaknesses with the strengths carefully demonstrated by others, they will experience a sense of relative deprivation. In scenarios such as workplace competition, appearance anxiety, or material condition comparison, this cognitive bias can exacerbate self deprecation tendencies.

4. The impact of traumatic events

Major failure experiences or sudden traumas may directly impact the foundation of self-esteem. If events such as exam failures, unemployment, and heartbreak are not properly handled, they can create psychological shadows. Victims of sexual assault or survivors of accidents often experience a sense of shame, attributing the incident to their own shortcomings, which can continue to weaken their sense of self-worth.

5. Long term self doubt

Repeated use of catastrophizing or absolutizing thinking can maintain a low self-esteem state. Viewing ordinary setbacks as evidence of skill deficiencies or generalizing a single failure as a life conclusion can create a vicious cycle. Perfectionists are more likely to fall into self blame and continue to experience frustration due to their inability to meet ideal standards. Improving low self-esteem requires systematic intervention, including cognitive-behavioral therapy to help correct self-evaluation biases, mindfulness training to reduce negative rumination, and gradually establishing a realistic and feasible goal system. Record positive experiences and challenge negative beliefs in daily life, cultivate interests and hobbies to gain a sense of control, and choose supportive social environments instead of critical relationships. Balanced nutrition and regular exercise can stabilize emotional states and provide physiological basis for psychological adjustment. Continuously practicing self acceptance can help rebuild a healthy level of self-esteem.