What are the psychological disorders

Psychological disorders, including anxiety disorders, depression disorders, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, trauma and stress-related disorders, eating disorders, sleep wake disorders, personality disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, etc. These diseases can be classified based on their core symptoms, severity, and impact on function, ranging from relatively common mild emotional problems to severe mental disorders that may seriously affect social function.

1. Anxiety disorders

Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by excessive fear and anxiety. Fear is an emotional response to real or perceived threats in the present, while anxiety is an opposition to future threats. Common types include generalized anxiety disorder, characterized by persistent and uncontrollable excessive worry; Panic disorder, characterized by recurrent and unpredictable episodes of fear; Social anxiety disorder, characterized by significant fear of social situations; Specific phobias, the fear of specific objects or situations; And separation anxiety disorder, etc. These disorders are often accompanied by symptoms of autonomic nervous system hyperactivity such as palpitations, sweating, and tremors, which significantly affect the patient's daily life, work, and interpersonal relationships.

II. Depressive disorders

Depressive disorders are characterized by significant and persistent low mood, which is the main type of mood disorder. The core symptoms include low mood, decreased interest, and decreased energy. Patients often experience a decrease in self-evaluation, feelings of worthlessness or excessive self blame, difficulty concentrating, slow thinking, sleep disorders such as insomnia or drowsiness, significant changes in appetite and weight, and in severe cases, recurrent thoughts of death or suicide. The severity of depressive episodes varies, ranging from mild impact on social functioning to complete loss of work and learning abilities, and even the appearance of psychotic symptoms. Its etiology involves multiple aspects such as genetics, neurobiochemistry, neuroendocrine, and psychosocial factors.

III. Bipolar affective disorder

Bipolar affective disorder is characterized by significant and persistent changes in mood and activity levels, manifested as alternating or mixed manic or hypomanic episodes and depressive episodes. During manic episodes, patients may experience heightened emotions, wandering thoughts, increased activity, rapid speech, high self-evaluation, reduced sleep needs, and may exhibit impulsive behavior; During a depressive episode, it manifests as typical depressive symptoms. The intense fluctuations in this state of mind cause great damage to the patient's interpersonal relationships, career development, and financial situation, and the risk of suicide is significantly higher than that of the general population. Diagnosis requires careful evaluation of medical history and differentiation between unipolar depression and bipolar disorder.

Fourth, Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder

Schizophrenia spectrum disorder is a group of serious, chronic mental disorders characterized by various obstacles such as thinking, perception, emotion, behavior, and disharmony between mental activities and the environment. The core symptoms include positive symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and thought form disorders; Negative symptoms such as emotional apathy, decreased willpower, and social withdrawal; And cognitive impairments such as impaired attention, memory, and executive function. Schizophrenia is one of the most typical representatives, and it also includes dissociative affective disorder, delusional disorder, transient psychiatric disorder, etc. This type of disease usually begins in young adults, with a prolonged course, and some patients may experience severe decline in social function.

V. Compulsive and Related Disorders

The core characteristics of compulsive and related disorders are the occurrence of repeated, invasive compulsive thinking and/or repetitive, ritualistic compulsive behaviors. Compulsive thinking refers to the continuous intrusion of ideas, impulses, or images into an individual's consciousness, often causing significant anxiety; Compulsive behavior is a behavior or mental activity that patients have to repeat in order to alleviate anxiety or prevent terrible events from happening. Common types include obsessive-compulsive disorder, manifested as compulsive thinking about themes such as pollution, symmetry, and harm, as well as compulsive behaviors such as cleansing, inspection, and counting; Physical deformity disorder, excessive focus on self perceived appearance defects; Hoarding obstacles, difficulty in discarding items leading to crowded living spaces; And hair pulling addiction, scratch disorder, etc. These behaviors are time-consuming and seriously disrupt normal life. Seeking professional help is the first step towards recovery when facing mental and psychological problems. You can go to the psychiatric department or mental health center of a regular hospital for evaluation. The treatment usually adopts a comprehensive approach, including psychological therapy such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, supportive therapy, and the use of psychiatric drugs under the guidance of a doctor when necessary. At the same time, establishing a regular daily routine, ensuring sufficient sleep, engaging in moderate physical exercise such as walking and yoga, cultivating positive interests and hobbies, learning stress management techniques such as mindfulness meditation, and building a stable social support system are all crucial for the recovery and prevention of disease recurrence. The understanding, support, and companionship of family and friends are also indispensable healing forces.