What are the problems with low thyroid stimulating hormone

Low levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) usually indicate hyperthyroidism or pituitary dysfunction, which may lead to symptoms such as palpitations, weight loss, and anxiety. The main reasons include Graves' disease, thyroid nodules, pituitary injury, drug effects, and temporary thyroiditis.

1. Graves' disease:

is an autoimmune disease in which antibodies stimulate the excessive secretion of hormones by the thyroid gland, leading to a feedback decrease in TSH. Typical symptoms include protruding eyes, hand tremors, and metabolic hyperactivity. Treatment requires the use of antithyroid drugs such as methimazole, and in severe cases, radioactive iodine therapy or surgery may be necessary.

2. Thyroid nodules:

Autonomic functional nodules may not be regulated by TSH and secrete thyroid hormones excessively. Accompanied by neck lumps and swallowing discomfort, diagnosis should be made through ultrasound and puncture. Hot nodules can be treated with radioactive iodine ablation, while malignant nodules require surgical resection.

3. Pituitary injury:

Pituitary lesions such as tumors or inflammation can lead to insufficient TSH secretion, causing central hypothyroidism. Often accompanied by other hormone deficiency symptoms such as fatigue and low blood pressure. MRI examination of the pituitary gland is required, and hormone replacement therapy should be used.

4. Drug effects:

Excessive use of levothyroxine or iodine containing drugs can inhibit TSH secretion. Commonly seen in patients undergoing replacement therapy for thyroid cancer after surgery, it is necessary to regularly monitor and adjust the dosage. Some antiarrhythmic drugs such as amiodarone may also interfere with the results.

5. Transient thyroiditis:

Subacute thyroiditis or early postpartum thyroiditis is caused by the destruction of thyroid cells that release stored hormones, resulting in a temporary decrease in TSH. Manifesting as neck pain and fever, it usually recovers on its own within 2-3 months. In severe cases, beta blockers can be used to alleviate symptoms.

Avoid high iodine foods such as seaweed in daily life and monitor heart rate and blood pressure regularly. Properly supplementing calcium to prevent osteoporosis, and choosing soothing activities such as yoga for exercise. When there is persistent weight loss, arrhythmia, or significant emotional fluctuations, timely re examination of the five thyroid functions and screening for antibodies should be conducted. Pregnant women should pay special attention to TSH levels to avoid affecting the development of the fetal nervous system.