What are the physical examination items for normal kidney function

The physical examination items for normal kidney function mainly include urine routine, blood creatinine testing, blood urea nitrogen testing, estimation of glomerular filtration rate, and renal ultrasound examination.

1. Urine routine

Urine routine is a basic examination item for evaluating kidney function. By detecting indicators such as protein, red blood cells, and white blood cells in urine, it is possible to preliminarily determine whether there are abnormalities in the kidneys. Urine routine examination is easy to operate and can quickly reflect the filtering function of the kidneys. Abnormal urine routine may indicate the presence of diseases such as nephritis and nephrotic syndrome. Before the examination, vigorous exercise should be avoided, and women should avoid their menstrual period.

2. Blood creatinine testing

Blood creatinine testing is an important indicator reflecting glomerular filtration function, which evaluates the excretion capacity of the kidneys by measuring the concentration of creatinine in the blood. Elevated blood creatinine levels may indicate impaired kidney function. This examination requires fasting blood collection, and high protein diet and vigorous exercise should be avoided before the examination. Blood creatinine testing is often combined with urea nitrogen testing to improve the accuracy of renal function assessment.

3. Blood urea nitrogen testing

Blood urea nitrogen testing is a test to evaluate the urea nitrogen content in the blood, which can reflect the excretion function and protein metabolism of the kidneys. Abnormal levels of urea nitrogen may indicate renal dysfunction or protein metabolism disorders. Before the examination, one should maintain a normal diet and avoid excessive intake of protein. The results of blood urea nitrogen testing need to be comprehensively judged in conjunction with other renal function indicators.

4. Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate

Glomerular filtration rate estimation is a renal function assessment method calculated based on parameters such as blood creatinine level, age, and gender, which can more accurately reflect the filtration function of the kidneys. This examination does not require additional blood collection and can be calculated using existing blood creatinine test results. A decrease in glomerular filtration rate may indicate chronic kidney disease and is an important basis for evaluating renal function staging.

5. Renal ultrasound examination

Renal ultrasound examination is a non-invasive examination method that uses ultrasound imaging technology to observe the shape, size, and structure of the kidney, and can detect organic lesions such as kidney stones, cysts, and tumors. Before the examination, it is necessary to hold urine in order to better observe the structure of the kidneys. Renal ultrasound examination is safe and radiation free, and is the preferred imaging method for evaluating renal anatomical structural abnormalities. Regular kidney function tests can help detect kidney diseases early, and it is recommended to have a kidney function test at least once a year. In daily life, it is important to maintain sufficient water intake, avoid high salt and high protein diets, and control blood pressure and blood sugar within normal ranges. When symptoms such as abnormal urine output and edema occur, timely medical examination should be sought. For patients with hypertension and diabetes, more attention should be paid to renal function monitoring, and relevant indicators should be reviewed regularly according to the doctor's advice.