What are the physical examination items

The main items of physical examination include physical examination, laboratory examination, imaging examination, functional examination, and specialized screening. These projects together form a comprehensive health assessment system that helps identify potential health issues.

1. Physical examination:

Physical examination is a basic item, including measurements of basic vital signs such as height, weight, blood pressure, heart rate, as well as specialized examinations in internal medicine, surgery, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, and other fields. Doctors evaluate the appearance and functional status of various systems in the body through visual examination, palpation, percussion, auscultation, and other methods, such as examining the skin, lymph nodes, thyroid gland, cardiopulmonary auscultation, abdominal palpation, etc., and can detect obvious abnormal signs.

2. Laboratory examination:

Laboratory examination mainly involves testing samples such as blood, urine, and feces. Blood routine can evaluate indicators such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, reflecting the presence of infections, anemia, and other issues. Urine routine examination can help detect urinary system diseases by examining the composition of urine. The examination of biochemical indicators such as liver function, kidney function, blood lipids, and blood glucose can evaluate the functional status and metabolic level of corresponding organs.

3. Imaging examination:

Imaging examination uses different imaging techniques to observe internal structures and lesions. Chest X-ray examination can screen for lung inflammation, tuberculosis, tumors and other lesions. Abdominal ultrasound examination can observe the morphology and structure of organs such as the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and kidneys. For specific areas, more detailed examinations such as CT and magnetic resonance imaging may be required to detect earlier lesions or more accurately evaluate the nature of the lesions.

4. Functional examination:

Functional examination evaluates the functional status of specific organs or systems. electrocardiogram is used to check the electrical activity of the heart and screen for issues such as arrhythmia and myocardial ischemia. Pulmonary function examination evaluates the ventilation function of the respiratory system. gastrointestinal endoscopy directly observes the mucosa of the digestive tract such as the esophagus, stomach, and colon, and discovers inflammation, ulcers, polyps, and even early tumors. These examinations are of great significance for early detection of functional and organic diseases.

5. Specialized screening:

Specialized screening targets specific diseases or high-risk populations. Tumor marker detection, such as alpha fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen, can serve as an auxiliary screening tool for certain tumors. Cervical smear examination is used for screening cervical cancer. Bone density examination evaluates the risk of osteoporosis. These projects are usually selected based on factors such as age, gender, family history, and lifestyle habits, which can help detect specific diseases early.

The selection of physical examination items is recommended to be based on factors such as personal age, gender, family medical history, past medical history, and lifestyle habits, and personalized plans should be developed by professional doctors. Before the examination, it is necessary to maintain a normal diet and daily routine, avoid vigorous exercise and alcohol consumption. Some items such as fasting blood sugar and blood lipids require fasting for 8-12 hours. The examination results need to be comprehensively interpreted by a doctor. Abnormal indicators should be further examined or regularly rechecked according to medical advice. At the same time, maintaining a healthy lifestyle such as balanced diet, moderate exercise, smoking cessation and alcohol restriction can help maintain a good state of health.