What are the manifestations and psychological treatment measures of depression

The main manifestations of depression include low mood, decreased interest, delayed thinking, physical symptoms, and suicidal tendencies. Intervention can be achieved through psychological therapy, medication, physical therapy, social support, and lifestyle adjustments. Depression is usually caused by genetic factors, neurotransmitter imbalances, psychosocial stress, physical illnesses, and personality traits.

1. Emotional depression

Depressed patients often experience significant emotional depression lasting for more than two weeks, manifested as depression, pessimism, despair, and loss of interest in daily activities. This emotional disorder is more severe in the morning and may be accompanied by obvious feelings of self blame and guilt. Psychological therapy can use cognitive-behavioral therapy to help patients identify and change negative thinking patterns, while medication can be prescribed with antidepressants such as fluoxetine hydrochloride capsules and escitalopram oxalate tablets.

2. Decreased interest

Patients show a significant loss of interest in activities they were previously passionate about, including social, work, and entertainment activities, manifested as avoidance of socializing and decreased work efficiency. This symptom is related to dysfunction of the dopamine system. Interpersonal psychotherapy can help improve social function, and can also be used in conjunction with medications such as sertraline hydrochloride to regulate neurotransmitter levels. Family members are advised to encourage patients to participate in moderate group activities.

3. Delayed thinking

is characterized by cognitive impairment such as slowed thinking speed, difficulty concentrating, and decision-making difficulties. In severe cases, pseudo dementia symptoms may occur.

This symptom is associated with functional abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex. rehabilitation therapy such as computer cognitive training can be used, combined with antidepressants such as mirtazapine tablets that improve cognitive function. Maintaining a regular daily routine can help alleviate symptoms.

4. Physical Symptoms

Common physical discomforts include sleep disorders, changes in appetite, chronic pain, fatigue, etc. Some patients seek medical attention mainly based on physical symptoms. These symptoms are related to dysfunction of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis. For insomnia, trazodone tablets can be used in combination with behavioral treatments such as relaxation training. It is recommended to maintain moderate exercise and avoid excessive bed rest.

5. Suicide Intention

Severe depression patients may experience suicidal thoughts or behaviors, which is the most dangerous symptom. Closely related to dysfunction of the serotonin system. Immediate crisis intervention is required, which can be achieved through fast acting physical therapies such as non convulsive electroconvulsive therapy, as well as the use of drugs such as venlafaxine sustained-release tablets. Family members need to strengthen supervision and remove tools that may be used for self injury. Patients with depression should maintain a regular sleep routine, ensure adequate sleep but avoid excessive bed rest, and engage in 30 minutes of moderate intensity exercise such as brisk walking, swimming, etc. every day. Pay attention to a balanced diet and increase the intake of foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as deep-sea fish and nuts, in moderation. Avoid drinking alcohol and excessive intake of caffeine. It is recommended that family members provide sufficient emotional support, encourage patients to persist in treatment, and regularly follow up to evaluate the efficacy. For patients with high work pressure, it may be considered to temporarily adjust their job position or apply for medical leave. Establishing a stable social support network is crucial for rehabilitation.