What are the main six hormone tests in gynecology

The six hormone tests in gynecology mainly include follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and prolactin. These hormone levels can reflect ovarian function, ovulation status, and endocrine status, and are commonly used to evaluate gynecological problems such as menstrual disorders, infertility, and polycystic ovary syndrome.

1. Follicle stimulating hormone

Follicle stimulating hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland and its main function is to promote follicular development and maturation. An increase in hormone levels may indicate ovarian dysfunction or menopause, while a decrease may be related to pituitary dysfunction. Blood tests should be taken on the 2nd to 5th day of the menstrual cycle during the examination. Abnormal results may manifest as infrequent menstruation or amenorrhea.

2. Luteinizing hormone

Luteinizing hormone is involved in regulating ovulation and corpus luteum formation, and its peak indicates that ovulation is about to occur. An abnormal ratio of this hormone to follicle stimulating hormone may indicate polycystic ovary syndrome, and a low value may affect luteal function. The detection time should be combined with the menstrual cycle, and abnormal results are often accompanied by ovulation disorders or shortened menstrual cycles.

3. Estradiol

Estradiol is the main estrogen secreted by the ovaries, reflecting the development of follicles and the growth of the endometrium. Low levels may lead to reduced or delayed menstrual flow, while high levels may indicate ovarian hyperstimulation or tumors. Testing should be conducted during different menstrual cycles, and abnormal results may manifest as menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes and vaginal dryness.

4. Progesterone

Progesterone is secreted by the corpus luteum and its main function is to maintain the state of the endometrium to support pregnancy. insufficient levels of this hormone may lead to luteal insufficiency or early miscarriage, and testing should be performed in the second half of the menstrual cycle. The abnormal results often manifest as premenstrual bleeding, shortened menstrual cycle, or infertility.

5. Testosterone

Testosterone is secreted by the ovaries and adrenal glands in women, and high levels may cause high hormone levels such as hirsutism and acne. Abnormal elevation of this indicator is common in polycystic ovary syndrome or adrenal diseases, which may be accompanied by infrequent menstruation or ovulation disorders. During testing, it is important to avoid vigorous exercise that may affect the results.

6. Prolactin

The main function of prolactin is to promote breast development and milk secretion. Elevated levels may inhibit ovulation and lead to menstrual disorders. This hormone is greatly affected by stress, medication, and other factors, and abnormal elevation should exclude pituitary prolactinoma. Before testing, it is necessary to maintain a quiet state. Abnormal results may manifest as galactorrhea or amenorrhea.

Before undergoing gynecological six hormone examinations, it is necessary to stop using relevant hormone drugs according to medical advice, maintain an empty stomach on the day of the examination, and avoid vigorous exercise. Individuals with irregular menstrual cycles should inform their doctor of the last menstrual period time in order to accurately determine the timing of testing. If the examination results are abnormal, it is recommended to combine clinical symptoms and further examinations such as ultrasound, and have a specialist develop a personalized treatment plan. Daily attention should be paid to regular sleep patterns, balanced diet, and avoiding excessive dieting or obesity that can affect hormone levels.