What are the main contents of the three endocrine tests

The three endocrine tests mainly evaluate thyroid function and reproductive hormone levels, including thyroid stimulating hormone TSH, free thyroxine FT4, and testosterone/estradiol T/E2.

1. TSH screening:

Thyroid stimulating hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland and is a sensitive indicator for evaluating thyroid function. Abnormal increase in TSH may indicate hypothyroidism, which needs to be further judged in conjunction with FT4; A decrease in TSH may indicate hyperthyroidism. This indicator can detect subclinical thyroid diseases early, especially suitable for screening pregnant women and middle-aged and elderly populations.

2. FT4 detection:

Free thyroxine directly reflects the secretion status of the thyroid gland. A decrease in FT4 accompanied by an increase in TSH can diagnose primary hypothyroidism, which is commonly seen in Hashimoto's thyroiditis; Elevated FT4 accompanied by TSH inhibition suggests hyperthyroidism, which may be caused by Graves' disease. This indicator is not affected by plasma protein binding and is more accurate in assessing thyroid function than total T4.

3. Hormone assessment:

Men are mainly tested for testosterone levels, which may indicate decreased libido and muscle loss if they are below normal; Women tend to focus on estradiol testing, and abnormal decreases may lead to menstrual disorders and osteoporosis. Polycystic ovary syndrome patients often experience elevated testosterone levels, while perimenopausal women often experience fluctuations in estradiol levels.

4. Symptoms associated with thyroid function:

TSH and FT4 abnormalities may be accompanied by symptoms such as palpitations, fear of cold, and sudden weight changes. Hyperthyroidism patients are prone to hand tremors and insomnia; Hypothyroidism often results in dry skin and decreased memory. Before the examination, it is necessary to avoid interference from iodine containing foods, and those taking thyroid hormones should take blood on an empty stomach.

5. Hormone related manifestations: Men with insufficient testosterone may experience erectile dysfunction, while women with low estradiol often experience hot flashes and night sweats. Long term hormone imbalance can lead to metabolic syndrome, and if abnormalities are found during physical examination, further comprehensive testing of reproductive hormones such as LH and FSH is required.

It is recommended to maintain a regular daily routine for the first 3 days of the examination to avoid vigorous exercise affecting hormone levels. Individuals with abnormal thyroid function can consume more selenium rich foods such as Brazil nuts, while those with imbalanced sex hormones need to control their intake of soy products. People over 40 years old are recommended to have annual check ups. Pregnant couples who experience menstrual irregularities or sexual dysfunction should promptly add extended tests such as progesterone and prolactin. Daily monitoring of weight and heart rate changes can help detect early signs of endocrine disorders.