What are the hazards of low platelet count

A low number of large platelets may increase the risk of bleeding, which is usually related to factors such as abnormal bone marrow hematopoietic function, immune diseases, drug effects, infections, or nutritional deficiencies. The main hazards include skin and mucosal bleeding, difficulty in postoperative hemostasis, increased menstrual flow, increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding, and in severe cases, the possibility of intracranial hemorrhage.

1. Skin and mucosal bleeding:

Large platelets participate in the primary hemostasis process, and a decrease in their quantity can lead to an increase in capillary fragility. Patients are prone to symptoms such as subcutaneous bruising, spontaneous gum bleeding, and nosebleeds. Mild collisions can lead to purpura, which is commonly found in vulnerable areas such as limbs.

2. Difficulty in postoperative hemostasis:

Insufficient large platelets after surgery or trauma can prolong bleeding time. The bleeding from the wound is not easy to stop, which may increase the probability of secondary suturing. Small surgeries such as tooth extraction and puncture also require early assessment of coagulation function.

3. Increased menstrual flow:

Female patients may experience symptoms such as prolonged menstruation and heavy menstrual blood flow. Severe cases can lead to anemia, manifested as fatigue and dizziness, and other causes need to be ruled out through gynecological examination.

4. Risk of gastrointestinal bleeding:

Weakened vascular protection of gastric mucosa may induce black stool or vomiting blood. Long term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs carries a higher risk, and one should be alert to early signs of shock such as abdominal pain accompanied by a decrease in blood pressure.

5. Intracranial hemorrhage may occur: In extreme cases, spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage may occur when platelet count is extremely low. Sudden severe headache, vomiting, or consciousness disorders require immediate medical attention, which is more common when platelet count is below 20 × 10 ⁹/L.

It is recommended to regularly monitor blood routine and avoid vigorous exercise and trauma. Diet can increase animal liver rich in vitamin B12, red meat with high iron content, and citrus fruits rich in vitamin C, promoting hematopoietic function. Maintain oral hygiene by using a soft bristled toothbrush, and women can record their menstrual bleeding. When there is unexplained bruising or bleeding tendency, further examinations such as bone marrow puncture should be performed in a timely manner to rule out hematological diseases such as aplastic anemia and leukemia. Long term use of antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin should be adjusted according to medical advice.