What are the hazards of high prolactin levels in pituitary tumors

Elevated prolactin levels may be caused by pituitary tumors, and the main hazards include menstrual disorders, infertility, decreased sexual function, osteoporosis, and visual impairment. Elevated prolactin caused by pituitary tumors requires drug control or surgical treatment.

1. Menstrual disorders:

High prolactin can inhibit the secretion of gonadotropins, leading to abnormal menstrual cycles in women, manifested as amenorrhea, infrequent menstruation, or reduced menstrual flow. Long term menstrual disorders may affect endometrial health, and hormone levels need to be regulated through drugs such as bromocriptine, combined with imaging examinations to rule out pituitary space occupying lesions.

2. Infertility:

Excessive prolactin can interfere with follicular development and ovulation processes, and women may experience ovulatory infertility. Male patients experience a decrease in sperm quality due to a decrease in testosterone levels. Pregnant women should monitor their prolactin levels and, if necessary, receive treatment with cabergoline in conjunction with ovulation induction protocols.

3. Sexual dysfunction: Male patients with

commonly experience erectile dysfunction and decreased libido, which are related to the inhibition of testosterone synthesis by high prolactin. Women may experience vaginal dryness and pain during sexual intercourse. These symptoms can be improved by dopamine receptor agonists, but continuous monitoring of pituitary MRI is needed to observe tumor changes. 4. Osteoporosis: Long term elevation of prolactin can accelerate bone loss and increase the risk of fractures, especially in premenopausal women. It is recommended to undergo regular bone density testing, supplement with vitamin D and calcium supplements. For cases caused by pituitary adenoma compression, transsphenoidal surgery should be considered for resection.

5. Visual impairment:

When pituitary tumors enlarge and compress the optic chiasm, symptoms of optic nerve damage such as visual field defects and blurred vision may occur. This is an indication that requires emergency intervention, which can be achieved by reducing the tumor volume with pegolide mesylate. In severe cases, neurosurgical surgery is required to relieve compression. For patients with pituitary tumor related hyperprolactinemia, it is recommended to avoid high-fat diet and vigorous exercise to stimulate prolactin secretion in daily life. It is suggested to maintain a regular schedule and moderate aerobic exercise. Recheck hormone levels and pituitary imaging every 3-6 months, and pay attention to monitoring blood pressure and cardiac function during medication treatment. Seek medical attention immediately when symptoms of pituitary stroke such as headache, vomiting, or sudden loss of vision occur. Patients who have not given birth should develop individualized treatment plans under the guidance of endocrinology and obstetrics and gynecology departments.