What are the general medical examination items for the elderly

The physical examination for the elderly generally includes blood routine, urine routine, liver function, kidney function, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, abdominal ultrasound, bone density testing, tumor marker screening and other items. The physical examination items need to be adjusted according to the individual's health status. Common combinations include basic examinations, chronic disease monitoring, cancer screening, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular assessments, bone and joint examinations, etc.

1. Basic examination

Blood routine can detect anemia or infection, urine routine reflects urinary system function, liver function examination includes indicators such as alanine aminotransferase and total bilirubin, and kidney function mainly focuses on creatinine and urea nitrogen levels. Basic examinations can detect early metabolic abnormalities, and it is recommended to undergo them once a year.

2. Chronic disease monitoring

Blood glucose detection can screen diabetes. The four items of blood lipids include total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and other indicators. Blood pressure monitoring needs dynamic observation. Chronic disease patients need to undergo specialized tests such as glycated hemoglobin and urinary microalbumin, and the monitoring frequency should be increased to every 3-6 months.

3. Cancer screening

Men should undergo prostate-specific antigen testing and digital rectal examination, while women should increase breast ultrasound and cervical cytology examination. gastrointestinal endoscopy is suitable for individuals with a family history or digestive symptoms, while low-dose spiral CT can be used for screening high-risk populations for lung cancer.

4. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular assessment

Carotid artery ultrasound detects plaque formation, cardiac ultrasound evaluates cardiac function, homocysteine and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein can predict the risk of vascular inflammation. Patients with chest tightness symptoms need to undergo coronary CTA or exercise stress test.

5. Bone and joint examination

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry is used to diagnose osteoporosis, and joint X-rays are used to evaluate degenerative lesions. Bone metabolism indicators such as 25 hydroxyvitamin D and special sequences of β - collagen are helpful in determining calcium absorption status, and knee joint MRI is suitable for patients with severe pain. After the elderly physical examination, a health record should be established, and abnormal indicators should be regularly reviewed. Maintain a low salt and low-fat diet daily, engage in 3-5 aerobic exercises per week, supplement calcium and vitamin D to prevent osteoporosis. To control chronic diseases, medication should be taken according to medical advice, and if new symptoms occur, timely medical attention should be sought. It is recommended to choose a package that includes ophthalmic and otolaryngological examinations. Cognitive function assessment is of great significance for early detection of Alzheimer's disease.