What are the general items to be done for physical examination

The physical examination items usually include basic examination, laboratory examination, imaging examination, etc., mainly including general physical examination, blood routine, urine routine, liver function, kidney function, blood glucose, blood lipids, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, abdominal ultrasound, etc.

1. General Physical Examination

General physical examination includes the measurement of basic indicators such as height, weight, blood pressure, pulse, etc., which helps to evaluate overall health status. Doctors will use visual examination, palpation, percussion, auscultation and other methods to examine the skin, lymph nodes, thyroid gland, heart and lungs, abdomen and other parts to preliminarily determine whether there are abnormalities.

2. Blood routine examination

Blood routine examination can understand the quantity and morphology of blood components such as red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, etc., helping to screen for anemia, infections, blood system diseases, and other issues. During the examination, fasting venous blood collection is required, and abnormal results may indicate the need for further examination.

3. Urine routine

Urine routine evaluates the function and metabolic status of the urinary system by detecting indicators such as protein, sugar, red blood cells, and white blood cells in urine. Leave the mid morning urine for examination. Abnormal results may indicate urinary tract infection, kidney disease or diabetes.

4. Liver function

Liver function tests include indicators such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, etc., reflecting the liver's metabolism, detoxification, and synthesis functions. Fasting is required before examination, and abnormal results may be related to diseases such as hepatitis, fatty liver, and cirrhosis.

5. Renal function

The renal function test mainly detects indicators such as blood creatinine and urea nitrogen to evaluate the filtration and excretion function of the kidneys. Avoid vigorous exercise before examination. Abnormal results may indicate impaired kidney function, and other examinations should be combined to determine the cause.

6. Blood glucose and lipid

Blood glucose examination can screen diabetes. Blood lipid examination includes total cholesterol, triglycerides and other indicators to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease. Fasting for 8-12 hours is required before examination, and any abnormal results should be judged based on clinical manifestations to determine whether intervention is needed.

7. Electrocardiogram

The electrocardiogram records the electrical activity of the heart and can detect cardiac problems such as arrhythmia and myocardial ischemia. During the examination, it is necessary to lie flat and relax. Abnormal results may require further cardiac ultrasound or dynamic electrocardiogram examination.

8. Chest X-ray

Chest X-ray examination can observe structures such as the lungs, heart, and mediastinum, and screen for diseases such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, and lung mass. During the examination, metal objects need to be removed, and pregnant women should avoid this examination.

9. Abdominal ultrasound

Abdominal ultrasound can examine the morphology and structure of organs such as the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and kidneys, and detect lesions such as stones, cysts, and tumors. Fasting is required before the examination, and if necessary, drinking water is needed to fill the bladder. The physical examination items can be adjusted based on factors such as age, gender, occupation, family history, etc. It is recommended to undergo a comprehensive physical examination once a year. Maintain a light diet and avoid vigorous exercise for 3 days before the physical examination. Wear loose clothing on the day of the examination. When abnormal indicators are detected, there is no need to be overly nervous. It is important to seek medical attention for a follow-up examination in a timely manner, and the doctor will provide further examination or treatment recommendations based on the specific situation. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, balanced diet, moderate exercise, and regular physical examinations can help detect health problems early on.