What are the general examination items for girls' physical examination

Female physical examination generally includes blood routine, urine routine, gynecological examination, breast examination, thyroid examination and other items. Specific items need to be adjusted according to age, health status and doctor's advice.

1. Blood routine examination

Blood routine examination is a basic item of physical examination. By detecting indicators such as red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, etc., it can evaluate whether there is anemia, infection, or blood system diseases. The normal value of hemoglobin in adult women is 110-150g/L, and the normal range of white blood cell count is 3.5-9.5 × 10 ⁹/L. Fasting is not necessary before the examination, but it is recommended to avoid testing immediately after intense exercise. If the results are abnormal, it may indicate problems such as iron deficiency anemia and inflammatory reactions, and further diagnosis should be made in combination with other examinations.

2. Routine urine

Routine urine examination can find problems such as urinary system infection, kidney disease or diabetes. The testing content includes indicators such as urine protein, urine sugar, and urine occult blood. Normal urine protein in adult females is negative, while urine sugar should be negative. Check to collect mid morning urine and avoid the menstrual period. Abnormal results may indicate urinary tract infection, nephritis, or metabolic abnormalities, and should be judged based on clinical symptoms. It is recommended to undergo urinary system ultrasound examination when urinary occult blood test is repeatedly positive.

3. Gynecological examination

Gynecological examination includes examination of the external genitalia, vagina, cervix, routine vaginal discharge, and if necessary, cervical TCT and HPV screening. Gynecological examination can detect diseases such as vaginitis and cervical lesions. It is recommended that women who engage in sexual activity undergo an annual check-up and avoid sexual activity and vaginal flushing 24 hours before the check-up. Abnormal results such as vaginal discharge cleanliness level III or above may indicate bacterial vaginosis, and medication such as metronidazole suppositories or clindamycin cream should be used according to medical advice for treatment.

4. Breast examination

Breast examination includes visual examination, palpation and breast ultrasound or mammography, which are used to screen breast hyperplasia, nodules or breast cancer. It is recommended that women under the age of 40 undergo breast ultrasound examination annually, and those over the age of 40 can undergo mammography in combination. The best time for examination is 7-10 days after the end of menstruation. When BI-RADS class 3 or above nodules are found, regular follow-up is required, and if necessary, puncture biopsy should be performed. Avoid wearing tight underwear in daily life and conduct breast self-examination every month.

5. Thyroid examination

Thyroid examination includes palpation, thyroid function testing, and thyroid ultrasound, which can screen for thyroid nodules, hyperthyroidism, or hypothyroidism. The normal value of thyroid stimulating hormone is 0.27-4.2 mIU/L, and the free thyroxine is 12-22 pmol/L. No special preparation is required before the examination, but those taking thyroid hormone medication need to inform their doctor. When nodules with abnormal TSH are found, fine needle aspiration may be necessary. Diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis can be treated with levothyroxine sodium tablets according to medical advice.

It is recommended that women adjust the focus of physical examinations according to their age group: women aged 20-30 should pay attention to gynecological and breast health, women aged 30-40 should increase thyroid and blood glucose testing, and women aged 40 and above should pay attention to tumor markers and bone density testing. Three days before the physical examination, maintain a light diet, avoid drinking alcohol and vigorous exercise, and wear loose clothing for easy examination. When there are abnormalities in the physical examination report, it is necessary to seek medical attention and have a follow-up examination in a timely manner. Do not interpret or take medication on your own. Regular physical examinations can help detect health hazards early on, and it is recommended to undergo a comprehensive examination at least once a year.