What are the examination items for male reproductive health and fertility

The main examination items for male reproductive health include semen routine analysis, reproductive system ultrasound examination, sex hormone level testing, genetic screening, infectious disease and immunological examination. These examinations aim to assess male fertility and identify potential risks that may affect the health of offspring.

1. Semen routine analysis:

This is a basic examination for evaluating male fertility, mainly analyzing semen quantity, color, viscosity, liquefaction time, as well as sperm concentration, vitality, morphology and other indicators. This examination can preliminarily determine whether there are problems such as oligospermia, asthenozoospermia, teratozoospermia, or semen non liquefaction, which are common causes of male infertility or affect the probability of conception. If abnormalities are found, doctors may recommend further examination or lifestyle adjustments.

2. Reproductive system ultrasound examination:

usually includes scrotal ultrasound and transrectal ultrasound, used to observe structures such as testes, epididymis, spermatic vein, prostate, seminal vesicles, etc. This examination can check for organic lesions such as varicocele, cryptorchidism, testicular dysplasia, epididymitis, absence of seminal vesicles, or ejaculatory duct obstruction. These structural abnormalities may not only affect sperm production and excretion, but some genetic structural abnormalities may also have an impact on offspring.

3. Hormone level testing:

evaluates the functional status of the hypothalamic pituitary testicular gonadal axis by measuring the levels of follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, prolactin, and other hormones through blood sampling. Abnormal hormone levels are an important cause of spermatogenic dysfunction or decreased sexual function, such as elevated follicle stimulating hormone indicating impaired testicular spermatogenic function, while low testosterone may affect sperm maturation and libido. Clarifying hormone levels can help develop targeted conditioning or treatment plans.

4. Genetic screening:

mainly includes chromosome karyotyping analysis and Y chromosome microdeletion detection. Chromosome karyotyping analysis is used to identify numerical or structural abnormalities, such as Crohn's syndrome, which may lead to azoospermia or increased genetic risk in offspring. Y chromosome microdeletion is a common genetic factor leading to azoospermia or severe oligospermia, and can be directly inherited by male offspring. For couples with a family history of genetic inheritance or recurrent miscarriage, carrier screening for specific genes may also be performed.

5. Infectious diseases and immunological examination:

includes the screening of infectious diseases such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis, AIDS, and the detection of immunological indicators such as antisperm antibodies. Some infectious diseases may be transmitted to partners or affect embryo development through semen, while positive anti sperm antibodies may cause sperm agglutination or decreased vitality, interfering with the fertilization process. Identifying and addressing these issues in advance can help ensure the health of spouses and improve the quality of eugenics.

It is recommended to complete the above examinations 3-6 months before planning for pregnancy, and adjust lifestyle habits based on the examination results, such as quitting smoking and limiting alcohol consumption, avoiding prolonged sitting and high temperature environments, maintaining a balanced diet, and supplementing with appropriate amounts of folic acid. If abnormalities are found, active cooperation with doctors for intervention is necessary. Most problems can be improved through standardized treatment or assisted reproductive technology.