What are the effects of a short cervical canal on the fetus

Short cervical canal may increase the risk of premature birth, mainly affecting premature rupture of membranes, limited fetal development, increased probability of miscarriage, abnormal delivery initiation, and neonatal complications. Close monitoring is required when the length of the cervical canal is less than 25 millimeters.

1. Premature rupture of membranes:

Decreased cervical support can easily lead to premature rupture of membranes. When the cervical length is less than the normal value in mid pregnancy, the amniotic sac may rupture prematurely due to uterine pressure, leading to premature loss of amniotic fluid. This situation requires dynamic monitoring through vaginal ultrasound, and if necessary, cervical cerclage or progesterone treatment can be used.

2. Developmental restriction:

The weakened support capacity of the lower segment of the uterus may limit the fetal growth space. Cervical dysfunction can lead to abnormal pressure distribution in the uterine cavity, affecting placental blood flow supply and potentially causing low fetal weight. Suggest improving placental perfusion by increasing left lateral rest time and supplementing high-quality protein.

3. Miscarriage risk:

The probability of miscarriage significantly increases in mid pregnancy when the cervix is shortened to less than 20 millimeters. The inability of the cervix to effectively seal the uterine cavity may lead to ascending infection or mechanical dilation, especially in multiple pregnancies. Preventive measures include restricting physical activity and avoiding increased abdominal pressure movements.

4. Abnormal delivery:

Cervical shortening may cause irregular contractions or emergency delivery. When the length of the cervical canal is insufficient, the lower segment of the uterus is overly sensitive, which can easily lead to premature birth and labor symptoms. Clinical interventions include magnesium sulfate to inhibit uterine contractions and glucocorticoids to promote fetal lung maturation.

5. Neonatal complications:

Premature infants may face the risk of respiratory distress syndrome and other diseases. Newborns born 34 weeks ago require NICU monitoring and treatment due to insufficient pulmonary surfactant. Regular measurement of cervical length during pregnancy can effectively predict the timing of premature birth.

It is recommended that pregnant women undergo transvaginal cervical length measurement every two weeks, in conjunction with fetal heart rate monitoring to evaluate the condition of the fetus. Avoid behaviors that increase abdominal pressure, such as prolonged standing or carrying heavy loads, and supplement with vitamin C and zinc appropriately to promote collagen synthesis in daily life. When there is a feeling of falling or abnormal discharge, seek medical attention immediately, and if necessary, be hospitalized for preventive treatment to protect the fetus. Maintain a daily water intake of at least 2000 milliliters to prevent urinary tract infections from inducing uterine contractions.