What are the common psychological disorders among teenagers

The common psychological disorders among teenagers mainly include depression, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, eating disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, etc. These diseases may be caused by various factors such as genetic factors, academic pressure, family environment, social distress, and imbalance of brain chemicals, and require comprehensive response through psychological counseling, medication treatment, family intervention, and other means.

1. Depression

Depression is characterized by sustained low mood, decreased interest, and may be accompanied by sleep disorders or changes in appetite. Some teenagers may experience symptoms due to academic competition or family conflicts, and in severe cases, they may develop a tendency towards self harm. Early intervention can be achieved through cognitive-behavioral therapy, and if necessary, medication such as fluoxetine hydrochloride should be used according to medical advice.

2. Anxiety disorder

Anxiety disorder often presents symptoms such as excessive worry, palpitations, and sweating, which are often related to academic pressure or social anxiety. Square phobia and separation anxiety are common subtypes, and relaxation training and exposure therapy can be used as basic interventions. Severe cases may require medication such as escitalopram oxalate as adjuvant therapy.

3. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

This type of disorder is characterized by inattention and hyperactivity, with some children experiencing symptoms that may persist into adolescence. Neurodevelopmental abnormalities are the main cause, and behavior correction training combined with central stimulants such as methylphenidate hydrochloride can improve symptoms, but drug side effects need to be evaluated regularly.

4. Eating disorders

Neurogenic anorexia and bulimia are prevalent in adolescent women, characterized by extreme dieting or uncontrolled eating. Body shape cognitive distortion is a key factor that requires nutritional support combined with psychological therapy. Severe patients may experience physical complications such as electrolyte imbalances.

5. Post traumatic stress disorder

may experience symptoms such as flashbacks and nightmares after experiencing campus violence or family changes. Trauma memory integration therapy is the main intervention method, and if necessary, drugs such as paroxetine can be used to alleviate excessive alertness. The social support system is crucial for rehabilitation. Parents should pay attention to their children's emotional and behavioral changes and avoid attributing psychological problems solely to the rebellious period. Establishing regular sleep habits, ensuring moderate exercise every day, and increasing family interaction time are all helpful for psychological adjustment. When symptoms persist for more than two weeks or affect normal life, professional help from a psychiatrist or psychological counselor should be sought in a timely manner. Early intervention can significantly improve the prognosis. Schools should also strengthen mental health education and create an inclusive and supportive environment.