What are the common psychological disorders among teenagers

The common psychological disorders among teenagers mainly include depression, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorders, etc. These diseases may be caused by genetic factors, academic stress, family relationships, social distress, or hormonal changes, and require professional assessment, diagnosis, and intervention.

1. Depression

Depression is characterized by sustained low mood, decreased interest, and may be accompanied by sleep disorders or self denial. Adolescents are prone to academic competition or family conflicts, and cognitive-behavioral therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy are commonly used intervention methods. Medication should be administered under the guidance of a doctor using antidepressants such as fluoxetine hydrochloride.

2. Anxiety disorder

Anxiety disorder includes forms such as generalized anxiety and social phobia, with physical symptoms such as palpitations and sweating. Academic pressure or traumatic events are common triggers, and relaxation training and exposure therapy have significant effects. If necessary, anti anxiety drugs such as paroxetine can be used in combination. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattention and impulsive behavior, and is associated with abnormal development of the prefrontal cortex. Behavioral correction combined with central stimulants such as methylphenidate can improve symptoms, and parents need to cooperate in implementing structured schedule management.

4. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder patients exhibit repetitive behavior or invasive thinking, which is associated with dysfunction of the basal ganglia of the brain. Exposure response prevention therapy is the core treatment plan, and in severe cases, drugs such as fluvoxamine are needed to regulate serotonin levels.

5. Eating disorders

Neurogenic anorexia or bulimia are more common in adolescent women and are closely related to cognitive distortions in body images. Nutritional rehabilitation combined with family therapy is key, and drugs such as fluoxetine can assist in improving accompanying depressive symptoms. Parents should regularly maintain open communication with teenagers, pay attention to observing changes in emotional behavior, and avoid overemphasizing academic performance. Ensuring a regular schedule and moderate exercise can help with psychological regulation. If abnormal symptoms persist for more than two weeks, it is necessary to seek professional help from a psychological or psychiatric department in a timely manner. Early intervention can significantly improve prognosis. Schools can carry out mental health education courses to reduce shame and illness.