The working principle of logical reasoning in the brain

The logical reasoning of the brain mainly relies on the collaborative work of the prefrontal cortex and neural networks, which is achieved through five core processes: information integration, pattern recognition, hypothesis verification, decision evaluation, and result feedback. This process involves complex mechanisms such as neurotransmitter transmission, synaptic plasticity regulation, and multi brain region joint operation.

1. Information Integration

After the brain receives sensory input, the parietal cortex processes scattered information for primary processing, the hippocampus is responsible for extracting relevant memory content, and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex structurally integrates these data. The clustered firing pattern of neurons in this stage helps to filter out irrelevant information and form a preliminary cognitive framework. Lack of sleep or anxiety may reduce the efficiency of information integration.

2. Pattern recognition

The temporal lobe cortex identifies the feature patterns of current information by comparing existing experience databases, and the basal ganglia participate in establishing a prediction model. When new information deviates from past experience by more than 15%, the anterior cingulate cortex triggers the attention mechanism to recalibrate recognition parameters. Alzheimer's disease patients often experience interference in the deposition of beta amyloid protein during this process.

3. Hypothesis verification

Multiple possible hypotheses are generated in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and internal simulation tests are conducted through a default mode network. The striatum is responsible for evaluating the fit between hypotheses and reality, during which dopaminergic neurons reinforce neural pathways with higher likelihood. Patients with schizophrenia may experience excessive hypothesis generation and insufficient validation during this stage.

4. Decision evaluation

Comprehensive risk return ratio analysis of the orbitofrontal cortex, with the involvement of the amygdala in assigning emotional weights, and ultimately conflict monitoring performed by the dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus. Neuroeconomic research has found that changes in serotonin levels at this stage can affect a person's preference for long-term returns. Patients with depression often exhibit a tendency towards overly conservative evaluation systems.

5. Feedback on Results

After the execution of the action, the cerebellum is responsible for correcting motion errors, the anterior insula processes the somatic sensory changes caused by the results, and the nucleus accumbens regulates reward signals based on expected differences. The synaptic plasticity changes generated in this process will form new experiential templates, and children's brains exhibit stronger neural remodeling abilities than adults during this process.

Regular aerobic exercise can promote the secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factors, which helps maintain the efficiency of neural network connections. It is recommended to engage in moderate intensity exercise for at least 30 minutes three times a week, in combination with the intake of deep-sea fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Reading philosophical works or engaging in complex cognitive training such as board games can enhance the density of dendritic branches in the prefrontal cortex. Be careful to avoid being in a chronic stress state for a long time, as sustained high cortisol levels can lead to a reduction in hippocampal volume. Establishing a stable circadian rhythm plays an important role in maintaining the neurotransmitter balance required for logical reasoning.