The optimal treatment method for prolactin pituitary tumors

The treatment methods for prolactinoma mainly include drug therapy, surgical treatment, and radiation therapy. The specific choice depends on the size of the tumor, the severity of symptoms, and the individual situation of the patient.

Drug therapy is the preferred option for prolactinomas, with commonly used drugs being dopamine receptor agonists such as bromocriptine mesylate tablets and cabergoline tablets. This type of drug can effectively inhibit prolactin secretion and reduce tumor volume, and is suitable for most patients with microadenomas and some patients with macroadenomas. During the treatment period, regular follow-up of secretion levels and imaging examinations are required, and medication dosage should be adjusted according to the therapeutic effect. Some patients may experience side effects such as nausea and dizziness, but most can gradually tolerate them. Surgical treatment should be considered when drug efficacy is poor, tumor volume is large and compresses the optic nerve, or cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurs. Transnasal transsphenoidal approach surgery is the mainstream surgical technique, which has the advantages of minimal trauma and fast recovery. Temporary diabetes insipidus or pituitary dysfunction may occur after surgery, and hormone levels need to be closely monitored. For residual or recurrent tumors after surgery, precise radiation therapy such as gamma knife can be combined, but attention should be paid to potential long-term complications such as pituitary dysfunction. During the treatment period, vigorous exercise and high-intensity work should be avoided, and a regular schedule should be maintained. A balanced diet is necessary, with an appropriate increase in high-quality protein and vitamin intake, and a restriction on high-fat foods. Regularly monitor blood pressure, blood glucose, and bone density to prevent metabolic abnormalities that may be caused by long-term medication. Seek medical attention immediately if symptoms such as decreased vision and severe headache occur. After treatment, pituitary MRI and hormone levels should be rechecked every 3-6 months, and subsequent treatment plans should be adjusted based on the results.