The main symptoms of emotional disorders include

Emotional disorders mainly include depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and somatoform disorder. Emotional disorders are usually related to abnormal emotional regulation, long-term psychological stress, or personality traits, and require a combination of psychological intervention and comprehensive medication treatment.

1. Depression

Depression is characterized by persistent low mood and decreased interest, often accompanied by sleep disorders, changes in appetite, and self denial. The onset of the disease may be related to genetic susceptibility, imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain, and some patients may have experienced childhood trauma. Medications such as fluoxetine hydrochloride and escitalopram oxalate are commonly used in clinical practice to regulate serotonin levels, combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy to improve negative thinking patterns.

2. Anxiety disorder

Anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive worry accompanied by physical symptoms such as palpitations and sweating, which are associated with overactivation of the amygdala. Long term stress or thyroid dysfunction may trigger avoidance behavior in some patients. The treatment uses drugs such as paroxetine hydrochloride to reduce alertness, while exposure therapy is required to gradually eliminate fear reactions.

3. Bipolar affective disorder

Bipolar affective disorder is characterized by alternating episodes of depression and mania, with increased speech and adventurous behavior during the manic phase. Perhaps related to mutations in circadian clock genes, lithium carbonate and sodium valproate can stabilize emotional fluctuations. Psychological education can help patients identify premonitory symptoms and establish a regular sleep routine, which is particularly important for preventing recurrence.

4. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder patients have invasive thinking and repetitive behaviors, such as repeatedly washing hands or checking. Brain imaging shows abnormal basal ganglia function, and clomipramine can improve symptoms. Exposure and response prevention therapy reduces anxiety by blocking compulsive behavior and requires long-term training.

5. Somatic form disorder

Somatic form disorder is characterized by pain or functional impairment that cannot be medically explained, often associated with emotional suppression. Patients overly focus on their physical sensations, and duloxetine can alleviate somatic symptoms. Mindfulness training can help shift attention and reduce overinterpretation of physiological signals. Patients with emotional disorders should maintain moderate exercise such as Ba Duan Jin or yoga to regulate autonomic nervous system function, and pay attention to supplementing foods rich in tryptophan such as millet and bananas in their diet. Establish a stable social support system and avoid excessive self-criticism. When symptoms continue to worsen, timely follow-up visits should be made to adjust treatment plans. Family members should learn non judgmental communication skills and participate in the rehabilitation process together.