Parents with schizophrenia

Children of individuals with schizophrenia have a higher risk of developing the disease than the general population, but it is not necessarily hereditary. The occurrence of schizophrenia is related to multiple factors such as genetic factors, pregnancy infections, childhood trauma, neurodevelopmental abnormalities, and social environmental stimuli.

1. Genetic factors

Schizophrenia has familial clustering, with a risk of about 10% for children when one parent is affected and up to 40% when both parents are affected. At present, it has been found to be related to genes such as DISC1 and NRG1, but there is no single determining gene. It is recommended that high-risk individuals undergo regular mental health screening, and intervene promptly when prodromal symptoms such as social withdrawal and cognitive decline are detected early.

2. Pregnancy Effects

Viral infections, malnutrition, or stress events during pregnancy may interfere with fetal neural development. Rubella virus and Toxoplasma gondii infection can increase the risk of disease, and lack of folic acid or vitamin D during pregnancy may also have an impact. It is recommended to complete vaccination before pregnancy, maintain balanced nutrition during pregnancy, and avoid high-pressure environments.

3. Childhood trauma

Experiencing physical abuse, emotional neglect, or campus bullying during childhood can lead to sustained activation of the brain's stress system. The probability of experiencing hallucinations and delusions significantly increases among this group of people as adults. Establishing stable attachment relationships and timely psychological counseling can effectively buffer the impact of trauma.

4. Neurobiochemical abnormalities

Dopamine system overactivity and glutamate dysfunction are the main pathological features, and structural abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex and temporal lobe are common. Brain imaging examination can detect changes such as ventricular enlargement and reduced gray matter volume, but these are not necessary diagnostic criteria.

5. Social environmental factors

External pressures such as urban living environment, immigration pressure, and social isolation may trigger susceptible individuals to develop the disease. People with stable family support systems and good social skills are more likely to maintain stable medical conditions. Cognitive behavioral therapy can help improve patients' social functioning.

For children of schizophrenia patients, it is recommended to pay attention to emotional and behavioral changes from childhood and strengthen mental health education during adolescence. Maintaining a regular schedule, moderate exercise, and intake of Omega-3 fatty acids may have a preventive effect. Early medical attention should be sought when suspicious symptoms appear, as early intervention can significantly improve prognosis. Families need to avoid excessive protection or discrimination and provide a supportive environment with a peaceful attitude.