How to provide psychological counseling for depression

The main psychological counseling methods for depression include cognitive-behavioral therapy, supportive psychotherapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, mindfulness therapy, and family therapy. Depression may be related to genetic factors, environmental stress, neurotransmitter imbalances, traumatic experiences, and chronic diseases. It typically manifests as symptoms such as low mood, decreased interest, sleep disorders, altered appetite, and suicidal tendencies.

1. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Cognitive behavioral therapy alleviates depressive symptoms by helping patients identify and change negative thinking patterns. During the treatment process, patients will be guided to record automatically occurring negative thoughts and replace them with more objective cognition. This method has a significant effect on mild to moderate depression and usually requires repeated homework. The treatment cycle is generally 8-12 weeks, with 1-2 face-to-face meetings per week. Therapists will use tools such as mind sheets to help patients establish new cognitive frameworks.

2. Supportive psychotherapy

Supportive psychotherapy enhances patients' coping abilities by providing emotional support and encouragement. Therapists will use techniques such as listening, empathy, and unconditional positive attention to help patients express their inner feelings. This method is particularly suitable for patients in the acute phase, as it can alleviate feelings of loneliness and helplessness. During the treatment process, emphasis will be placed on cultivating the patient's advantageous resources and establishing a social support system. The frequency of treatment is adjusted according to the severity of the condition and usually lasts for 3-6 months.

3. Interpersonal psychotherapy

Interpersonal psychotherapy focuses on improving patients' interpersonal relationships and social functioning. The treatment will focus on four main areas: role transition, interpersonal conflict, grief, and social isolation. Through role-playing and communication skills training, help patients establish healthier interpersonal interaction patterns. This method is particularly effective for depression caused by interpersonal relationship problems. The treatment cycle is usually 12-16 weeks, and patients need to actively participate in social activities and practice.

4. Mindfulness therapy

Mindfulness therapy alleviates symptoms of depression by cultivating non judgmental awareness of current experiences. Patients need to learn exercises such as mindfulness breathing, body scanning, and mindfulness walking to enhance their ability to perceive emotions and thoughts. This method can effectively prevent the recurrence of depression, especially suitable for patients with a history of recurrent episodes. In the early stages of practice, it is necessary to practice mindfulness meditation for 20-30 minutes every day, gradually integrating mindfulness attitudes into daily life.

5. Family therapy

Family therapy helps depression patients by improving family interaction patterns. Therapists will evaluate family communication styles, role allocation, and emotional expression, and adjust family factors that are not conducive to the patient's recovery. This method is particularly suitable for cases of adolescent depression or those closely related to family relationships. The treatment process requires the participation of all family members and usually involves 8-10 meetings. The focus of treatment includes establishing a supportive family environment and improving conflict resolution methods. In addition to receiving professional psychological counseling, patients with depression also need to maintain a regular sleep schedule and ensure 7-8 hours of sleep every day. Engage in aerobic exercise such as brisk walking, swimming, etc. 3-5 times a week for at least 30 minutes each time. Pay attention to a balanced diet and consume foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids and B vitamins. Establish a stable social support network and avoid prolonged solitude. Strictly follow the doctor's advice on medication and regularly follow up to evaluate changes in the condition. When suicidal thoughts or symptoms worsen, immediate medical attention should be sought, and family members should strengthen supervision and companionship.