How to interpret the results of a complete blood cell count test

The results of a complete blood cell count mainly evaluate health status through core indicators such as hemoglobin, white blood cell count, and platelet count. Abnormal results may indicate issues such as anemia, infection, and blood system diseases, which require further clinical analysis. A hemoglobin value below the normal range may indicate anemia, commonly seen in iron deficiency, chronic blood loss, or hematopoietic dysfunction. Elevated hemoglobin levels may be associated with dehydration, altitude sickness, or polycythemia vera. Elevated white blood cell count usually indicates bacterial infection, inflammation, or stress response, and a significant increase should alert leukemia. Leukopenia may be caused by viral infection, radiation exposure, or drug side effects. Thrombocytopenia may cause bleeding tendency, which is seen in immune thrombocytopenia and aplastic anemia; Platelet count may be associated with iron deficiency, splenectomy, or myeloproliferative disorders.

An increase in the proportion of neutrophils is common in acute bacterial infections, and an increase in lymphocytes is more common in viral infections or tuberculosis. Elevated eosinophils may be associated with allergies and parasitic infections. The average red blood cell volume helps to determine the type of anemia. Small cell anemia is commonly caused by iron deficiency, while large cell anemia is often caused by vitamin B12 or folate deficiency. An increase in the width of red blood cell distribution indicates uneven red blood cell size, which can be seen in mixed anemia or myelofibrosis. In some special cases, there may be a false decrease in platelet aggregation detected by the instrument, which requires manual re examination for confirmation.

It is recommended to avoid vigorous exercise and fasting blood collection before the examination to ensure the accuracy of the results. When abnormal indicators are found, a comprehensive judgment should be made based on clinical symptoms and other examinations to avoid self interpretation. Pregnant women, children, elderly people and other groups have specific reference ranges and need to be evaluated using corresponding standards. Long term use of certain medications may affect blood cell parameters, and medication history should be proactively disclosed when seeking medical attention. Regular physical examinations help establish personal baseline data, facilitating dynamic observation of changing trends.