How to check for gynecological physical examination

gynecological physical examination usually includes gynecological routine examination, vaginal discharge routine examination, cervical cancer screening, gynecological ultrasound examination, breast examination and other items. Gynecological examinations can help detect gynecological diseases early, and it is recommended that women undergo regular gynecological examinations.

1. Gynecological Routine Examination

Gynecological routine examination is the basic item of gynecological physical examination, and doctors will examine the condition of the external genitalia, vagina, cervix, uterus, and adnexa. Through visual examination and palpation, doctors can preliminarily determine whether there are problems such as vulvar inflammation, vaginitis, cervical lesions, etc. During the examination, a disposable speculum is required. The doctor will observe the color and shape of the vaginal wall and cervix, and check for any abnormal secretions or growths.

2. Routine examination of vaginal discharge

Routine examination of vaginal discharge is conducted by collecting vaginal secretions for testing, which can determine the cleanliness of the vagina, the presence of bacterial vaginosis, trichomonas vaginitis, or fungal vaginitis. During the examination, the doctor will use a cotton swab to take a small amount of vaginal secretions and observe or culture them under a microscope. This examination can help diagnose common vaginal infectious diseases and provide basis for follow-up treatment.

3. Cervical cancer screening

Cervical cancer screening mainly includes cervical cytology examination and human papillomavirus testing. Cervical cytology examination, also known as TCT examination, can detect early cervical precancerous lesions by brushing cervical exfoliated cells for pathological examination. HPV testing can screen for high-risk human papillomavirus infections, which are the main cause of cervical cancer. It is recommended that women over the age of 21 who engage in sexual activity undergo regular cervical cancer screening.

4. Gynecological ultrasound examination

Gynecological ultrasound examination includes two methods: transabdominal ultrasound and transvaginal ultrasound, which can observe the morphology and structure of pelvic organs such as the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. Ultrasound examination can detect common gynecological diseases such as uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, and endometriosis. Transvaginal ultrasound has higher resolution and is particularly suitable for detecting subtle lesions in the endometrium and ovaries.

5. Breast examination

Breast examination is an important component of gynecological physical examination, including breast palpation and breast ultrasound or mammography. Doctors will check for lumps, skin changes, or nipple discharge in the breasts. For women over 40 years old, regular mammography is recommended for early detection of breast cancer. Young women are more suitable for breast ultrasound examination, which can distinguish between cystic and solid breast lesions.

Before gynecological examination, one should avoid the menstrual period and refrain from sexual activity, vaginal flushing, and the use of vaginal medications within 24 hours prior to the examination. During the examination, one should relax and cooperate with the doctor's operation. Pay attention to keeping the external genitalia clean in daily life, choose cotton underwear and change them frequently, and avoid using irritating cleaning solutions to clean the external genitalia. It is recommended to undergo a gynecological examination once a year, and seek medical attention promptly if there are any abnormal symptoms. Maintaining a regular schedule and balanced diet, as well as moderate exercise, can help maintain gynecological health.