Examination items for physical examination

The examination items of physical examination usually include basic examination, laboratory examination, imaging examination, and specialized examination, etc. The specific items need to be adjusted according to age, gender, health status, and personal needs. Common items include height and weight measurement, blood pressure monitoring, blood routine, urine routine, liver function, kidney function, blood glucose, blood lipids, electrocardiogram, abdominal ultrasound, chest X-ray, etc.

1. Basic Examination

Basic examination is a routine item of physical examination, including measurements of height, weight, waist circumference, and hip circumference, used to evaluate body shape and obesity level. Blood pressure testing can screen for hypertension, and elevated blood pressure may be related to factors such as genetics, high salt diet, and lack of exercise. Visual examination can detect issues such as myopia, hyperopia, or astigmatism. Oral examination can detect oral diseases such as dental caries and periodontal disease early.

2. Laboratory examination

Blood routine examination includes indicators such as red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, etc., which can detect anemia, infection, or blood system diseases. Routine urine examination of protein, sugar, red blood cells, etc. in urine is helpful to find kidney disease or diabetes. Liver function tests such as transaminase and bilirubin can assess liver health status. Renal function tests such as creatinine and urea nitrogen can reflect the status of renal function.

3. Imaging examination

Electrocardiogram examination can detect cardiac problems such as arrhythmia and myocardial ischemia. Abdominal ultrasound examination of organs such as the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen can detect diseases such as fatty liver and gallstones. Chest X-ray examination can screen for tuberculosis, pneumonia, or lung tumors. Breast ultrasound or mammography is suitable for screening female breast diseases.

4. Specialized examination

Ophthalmic examination includes visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and fundus examination, which can detect eye diseases such as glaucoma and cataracts. Ear, nose and throat examination can screen for diseases such as hearing loss, rhinitis, pharyngitis, etc. Gynecological examinations include cervical smears, breast examinations, etc., suitable for women's health screening. Prostate specific antigen test is suitable for screening prostate diseases in middle-aged and elderly men.

5. Special Project

Tumor biomarker testing can assist in screening certain cancers, but it needs to be combined with other test results for comprehensive judgment. Bone density examination is suitable for screening osteoporosis in middle-aged and elderly people. gastrointestinal endoscopy can directly observe the mucosa of the digestive tract and detect lesions such as ulcers, polyps, or tumors. Cardiac stress test can evaluate cardiac functional reserve and is suitable for individuals at risk of heart disease. The selection of physical examination items should be comprehensively considered based on factors such as personal health status, age, gender, and family medical history. It is recommended to undergo a routine physical examination once a year, and for those over 40 years old or with a history of chronic diseases, the frequency and items of the examination can be appropriately increased. Before the physical examination, it is necessary to fast for 8-12 hours and avoid vigorous exercise. Women should avoid their menstrual period. After the physical examination, the report should be properly kept, and any abnormal results should be promptly reviewed by medical personnel. Normal results should also maintain a healthy lifestyle and regular monitoring of physical changes.