Can Helicobacter pylori positivity cause bad breath?

H. pylori positivity may lead to bad breath, but not all infected individuals will experience this symptom. helicobacter pylori infection may cause diseases such as gastritis and gastric ulcers, leading to bad breath. Bad breath may also be related to factors such as oral hygiene and dietary habits. After Helicobacter pylori infection, the bacteria multiply in the stomach and produce urease, which breaks down urea to produce ammonia and carbon dioxide. Ammonia has a pungent odor and may enter the mouth through reflux or gastroesophageal reflux, causing bad breath. Helicobacter pylori infection may also reduce gastric acid secretion, affecting food digestion. Undigested food residues can ferment in the stomach and produce unpleasant odors. Some patients may experience inflammation or ulceration of the gastric mucosa, and volatile substances such as sulfides released by the inflammatory response may also enter the lungs through the bloodstream and be expelled through breathing, resulting in bad breath. Bad breath may also be caused by other factors. Poor oral hygiene leading to plaque accumulation, gingivitis, periodontal disease and other oral diseases is a more common cause of bad breath. Long term smoking, alcohol consumption, or consumption of strongly scented foods such as garlic and onions may also cause temporary bad breath. Systemic diseases such as Sjogren's syndrome, diabetes ketoacidosis, and upper respiratory tract infections such as sinusitis and tonsillitis may also cause halitosis. If Helicobacter pylori positive patients experience bad breath, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly and undergo carbon-13 or carbon-14 breath tests for diagnosis. The treatment requires the use of quadruple therapy under the guidance of a doctor, with commonly used drugs including omeprazole enteric coated capsules, amoxicillin capsules, clarithromycin tablets, and colloidal bismuth pectin capsules. Daily oral hygiene should be maintained, using mouthwash containing chlorhexidine and avoiding spicy and irritating foods. Regularly review to ensure the eradication of Helicobacter pylori and investigate other possible causes of bad breath.