12 types of personality disorders

Personality disorders mainly include 12 types: paranoid, schizoid, schizoid, antisocial, borderline, performative, narcissistic, avoidant, dependent, compulsive, passive aggressive, and unspecified personality disorders. Personality disorders typically manifest as persistent and fixed patterns of thinking, emotions, and behavior that deviate significantly from social and cultural expectations, leading to impaired individual social functioning or subjective pain.

1. Paranoid personality disorder

Paranoid personality disorder may be related to genetic factors, childhood traumatic experiences, or long-term exposure to high-pressure environments, usually manifested as general distrust of others, excessive sensitivity, and easy interpretation of others' behavior as malicious. Patients often have symptoms such as stubbornness and being argumentative. In terms of treatment, antipsychotic drugs such as olanzapine tablets and risperidone tablets can be used according to medical advice, combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy to improve symptoms.

2. Schizophrenia like personality disorder

Schizophrenia like personality disorder is usually associated with symptoms such as social isolation, emotional apathy, and lack of intimate relationships, and patients often lack interest in social activities. This type may be related to early lack of parent-child interaction or neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Psychological therapy such as supportive therapy can help improve social skills, and if necessary, antidepressants such as sertraline tablets can be used according to medical advice.

3. Schizophrenic personality disorder

Schizophrenic personality disorder is characterized by peculiar beliefs, ways of thinking, and behavioral patterns, and may be accompanied by brief psychotic episodes. This type may be related to abnormal neurotransmitters in the brain or a family history of mental illness. Treatment can be done by following the doctor's advice and using medications such as aripiprazole tablets, combined with social skills training.

4. Anti social personality disorder

Anti social personality disorder typically manifests as disregard for the rights of others, lack of remorse, impulsive aggressive behavior, etc., and may be associated with childhood abuse, family dysfunction, or genetic factors. The treatment difficulty is relatively high, and dialectical behavior therapy can be tried. In severe cases, mood stabilizers such as sodium valproate sustained-release tablets should be used according to medical advice.

5. Borderline personality disorder

Borderline personality disorder is characterized by emotional instability, self-image disorder, and tense interpersonal relationships, often accompanied by self injurious behavior. This type may be related to childhood trauma or abnormal emotional regulation areas in the brain. The first choice for treatment is dialectical behavior therapy, and medication such as lamotrigine tablets can be used according to medical advice.

6. Performance based personality disorder

Performance based personality disorder patients often exhibit excessive emotionality, seeking attention, exaggerated words and actions, which may be related to overprotection or neglected parenting styles. Psychological therapy such as psychodynamic therapy can help patients establish more mature coping strategies, and if necessary, medication such as fluoxetine capsules can be used according to medical advice.

7. Narcissistic personality disorder

Narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by exaggerated self importance, lack of empathy, and a need for others' admiration, which may stem from excessive praise or emotional neglect in childhood. Long term psychological therapy such as transfer focus therapy may be effective, and in severe cases, medication such as quetiapine tablets can be used according to medical advice.

8. Avoidant personality disorder

Avoidant personality disorder is characterized by social inhibition, low self-evaluation, and excessive sensitivity to rejection, which may be related to frequent criticism in childhood. Cognitive behavioral therapy can help improve social anxiety, and if necessary, anti anxiety drugs such as paroxetine tablets can be used according to medical advice.

9. Dependent personality disorder

Patients with dependent personality disorder often require excessive care from others and have difficulty making independent decisions, which may stem from overprotective parenting styles. The focus of treatment is to enhance autonomy, which can be achieved through progressive independent training. In severe cases, medication such as venlafaxine sustained-release capsules can be used according to medical advice.

10. Obsessive personality disorder

Obsessive personality disorder is characterized by perfectionism, stubbornness, and excessive control, which may be related to high social standards or early strict discipline. Cognitive therapy can help adjust irrational beliefs, and if necessary, medication such as fluvoxamine tablets can be used according to medical advice.

11. Passive aggressive personality disorder

Passive aggressive personality disorder is characterized by indirect resistance to authority demands, passive resistance, and low efficiency, which may be related to power struggles or suppressed anger. The treatment focuses on improving communication skills, and interpersonal psychotherapy can be attempted. In severe cases, medication such as mirtazapine tablets can be used according to medical advice.

12. Unspecified personality disorder

Unspecified personality disorder refers to a situation where one does not meet any of the above types but clearly has personality disorder characteristics, which requires individualized assessment. Treatment should be chosen based on specific symptoms, which may include a combination of psychotherapy and medication. Patients with personality disorders should pay attention to maintaining a regular daily routine and engage in aerobic exercise such as walking and swimming, which can help regulate their emotions. In terms of diet, foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids such as deep-sea fish and nuts can be added. It is recommended that family members provide full understanding and support, avoid criticism and blame, and encourage patients to persist in treatment. When symptoms worsen or suicidal tendencies occur, professional help should be sought promptly.