What is the screening for three diseases in pregnant women

The screening of three diseases of pregnant women refers to the joint detection of hepatitis B, syphilis and AIDS, which is usually carried out in the early pregnancy and helps to detect and intervene the risk of mother to child transmission in a timely manner.

1. Hepatitis B screening

Hepatitis B virus can be transmitted to the fetus through the placenta or during childbirth. Hepatitis B surface antigen is detected to determine the infection status through screening. If the result is positive, the viral load needs to be further evaluated. When active infections are detected during pregnancy, doctors may recommend using antiviral drugs in the late stages of pregnancy to reduce the probability of mother to child transmission. Newborns should be vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine and immunoglobulin in time after birth.

2. Syphilis screening

Treponema pallidum infection may lead to miscarriage, premature birth, or congenital syphilis. The screening adopts serological testing methods, including non-specific antibody tests and specific antibody confirmation tests. Early detection of infection during pregnancy requires immediate treatment with penicillin, which can effectively protect the fetus through the placenta. Regular follow-up of serum titers is required after treatment to ensure therapeutic efficacy.

3. AIDS screening

Human immunodeficiency virus can be transmitted through placenta, birth canal or breast feeding. Screening includes antibody testing and nucleic acid supplementation tests, and window period infected individuals need to be judged based on clinical manifestations. Confirmed positive pregnant women should take antiretroviral drugs during pregnancy, choose cesarean section for delivery, and avoid breastfeeding, which can reduce the probability of mother to child transmission to an extremely low level.

These three screenings are all basic items of maternal health care stipulated by the state, and it is recommended to complete them during the first prenatal examination. If abnormal results are found, pregnant women should cooperate with doctors for re examination, treatment, and follow-up. In daily life, it is important to avoid high-risk behaviors, maintain regular prenatal check ups, and promptly inform newborns of any symptoms such as skin and mucous membrane damage, fever, or lymph node enlargement that occur during pregnancy. Newborns should receive preventive treatment and specialized examinations based on their mother's infection status after birth to ensure effective prevention.