What is the reason for yellow spots

Long macular may be caused by genetic factors, age-related macular degeneration, diabetes retinopathy, central serous chorioretinopathy, macular hole and other reasons. The macula is the central area of the retina responsible for fine vision, and lesions may lead to decreased vision or visual distortion.

1. Genetic factors

Some macular degeneration is related to gene mutations, such as adolescent macular malnutrition. Patients may experience progressive visual impairment, often accompanied by color vision abnormalities. At present, there is no specific medication available. Nutritional supplements such as vitamin A palmitate soft capsules and lutein ester tablets can be used according to medical advice, and low vision rehabilitation training may be necessary if necessary.

2. Age related macular degeneration

is more common in people over 50 years old, which may be related to the decline of retinal pigment epithelial cell function. Dry lesions are characterized by deposition of vitreous membrane warts, while wet lesions are accompanied by choroidal neovascularization. You can follow the doctor's advice to use ranibizumab injection and Conbercept ophthalmic injection for intravitreal injection, combined with oral Ginkgo biloba extract tablets to improve microcirculation.

3. diabetes retinopathy

Long term hyperglycemia leads to retinal microvascular damage and macular edema exudation. Patients often have symptoms such as blurred vision and black shadows in front of their eyes. Strictly control blood sugar, use calcium dobesilate capsules according to medical advice to improve microcirculation, and perform macular laser photocoagulation if necessary.

4. Central serous chorioretinopathy

is more common in middle-aged and young men, and is associated with mental stress and abnormal hormone levels. Manifested as serous detachment in the macular area, with visual distortion and central opacities. Most cases can self heal, and in severe cases, acetate prednisolone eye drops can be used according to medical advice, avoiding the use of glucocorticoids.

5. Macular hole

Vitreous traction or trauma leading to full-thickness retinal defects in the macular area, resulting in a sharp decrease in central visual acuity. Diagnosis needs to be confirmed through optical coherence tomography, which can be observed in the early stage. In the advanced stage, vitrectomy combined with removal of the inner limiting membrane is required. After surgery, levofloxacin eye drops should be used as prescribed to prevent infection.

It is recommended that fundus examination be carried out regularly, especially for patients with diabetes. Retinopathy should be screened every year. Pay attention to eye hygiene in daily life, avoid staring at electronic screens for a long time, and increase the intake of dark vegetables and fruits in moderation in diet. When symptoms such as sudden vision loss or visual distortion occur, seek medical attention immediately and avoid rubbing the eyes or using eye drops on your own. Wear UV resistant glasses during outdoor activities to control blood pressure and blood sugar within the normal range.