What are the types of psychological disorders

Psychological disorders mainly include anxiety disorders, depression disorders, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, and other types. These diseases may be caused by factors such as genetics, environmental stress, and imbalances in brain chemicals, and require professional evaluation to diagnose and develop personalized treatment plans.

1. Anxiety disorders

Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive fear and worry, and include subtypes such as generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder. Patients may experience symptoms such as palpitations, sweating, and avoidance behavior, which are related to overactivation of the amygdala. Commonly used drugs in clinical practice, such as paroxetine tablets and sertraline hydrochloride tablets, are combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy. In severe cases, exposure therapy may be necessary.

2. Depressive disorders

Depressive disorders are characterized by sustained low mood, decreased interest, often accompanied by sleep disturbances and changes in appetite. The onset of the disease is related to abnormal function of the serotonin system, and patients with severe depression may experience suicidal ideation. The treatment uses antidepressants such as fluoxetine hydrochloride capsules and olanzapine tablets, combined with mindfulness training to improve symptoms.

3. Bipolar affective disorder

Bipolar affective disorder is characterized by alternating manic and depressive episodes. The manic phase is characterized by heightened emotions and increased activity, while the depressive phase has symptoms similar to those of a depressive disorder. Lithium carbonate sustained-release tablets, sodium valproate tablets and other mood stabilizers are basic medications that need to be combined with social rhythm therapy to maintain biological clock stability.

4. Schizophrenia spectrum disorders include positive symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions, as well as negative symptoms such as emotional apathy, which are closely related to dopamine system dysfunction. Antipsychotic drugs such as olanzapine tablets and risperidone oral disintegrating tablets can control symptoms, and family intervention can reduce the probability of recurrence.

5. Compulsive and related disorders

Compulsive disorders are characterized by invasive thinking and repetitive behavior, and are associated with dysfunction of the basal ganglia. Patients may undergo repeated cleaning or examination, and medication combination therapy such as clomipramine hydrochloride tablets and fluvoxamine tablets can effectively alleviate symptoms. Patients with psychological disorders should maintain a regular schedule and moderate exercise, and avoid alcohol and caffeine intake. Family members need to learn non critical communication skills and promptly record changes in symptoms for doctors' reference. It is recommended to undergo a mental health assessment every 3-6 months, and to immediately contact the psychiatric emergency department in case of acute symptoms. Some patients need to take medication for a long time and should not adjust the dosage without authorization. If side effects such as extrapyramidal reactions occur, timely follow-up visits should be made.