What are the most common diseases caused by overweight and obesity

Overweight and obesity easily lead to a variety of diseases, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver, osteoarthropathy, etc.

1. Hypertension

Weight gain can lead to increased cardiac load, increased vascular resistance, and ultimately, elevated blood pressure. Obese individuals often have insulin resistance, which increases the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys and further exacerbates the risk of hypertension. Long term hypertension may damage cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems, increasing the probability of stroke. Controlling weight and reducing sodium intake can help improve blood pressure.

2, type 2 diabetes

visceral fat accumulation will interfere with insulin signal transmission, leading to insulin resistance. The pancreas secretes more insulin for compensation, and eventually functional failure leads to diabetes. Obese individuals have several times the risk of developing the disease compared to those of normal weight, especially those with abdominal obesity who are more susceptible to the disease. Early weight loss can significantly improve glucose metabolism.

3. Hyperlipidemia

Excessive proliferation of adipose tissue promotes the release of free fatty acids, increases the synthesis of very low-density lipoprotein in the liver, and leads to elevated triglyceride levels. Meanwhile, obesity can lower the concentration of high-density lipoprotein, leading to abnormal blood lipids. This disorder of lipid metabolism will accelerate the process of atherosclerosis, which needs diet control and exercise intervention.

4. Fatty liver

Fatty liver is formed when the liver fat deposition exceeds 5%. The incidence rate of obesity is high. Long term fat accumulation may trigger inflammatory reactions, gradually developing into steatohepatitis or even cirrhosis. Weight loss is the most effective intervention method, and it is necessary to avoid rapid weight loss that may worsen the condition.

5. Osteoarthritis

Overweight can aggravate the wear and tear of joint cartilage, especially when the knee joint can withstand pressure several times higher than body weight. Obesity also accelerates joint degeneration and increases the risk of osteoarthritis through pro-inflammatory factors. Moderate weight loss combined with low impact exercise can effectively alleviate joint symptoms. For overweight and obese individuals, it is recommended to adopt a gradual approach to weight loss, and the weekly weight loss should not be too fast. Increase the intake of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains in diet, and reduce high-fat and high sugar foods. Choose sports such as swimming and cycling that have less joint burden, and maintain moderate activity every day. Regularly monitor blood pressure, blood sugar and other indicators, and if necessary, intervene with medication under the guidance of a doctor. Establishing a long-term healthy lifestyle is more important than rapid weight loss in the short term.