Smoking a cigarette can cause acute damage to the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, while increasing the risk of various chronic diseases. The harmful substances produced by tobacco combustion can directly stimulate the respiratory mucosa, leading to vasoconstriction and oxidative stress response. The tar produced during smoking can adhere to bronchial cilia, reduce lung self-cleaning ability, and increase the risk of pneumonia and chronic bronchitis. Nicotine enters the brain within 7 seconds, causing vasospasm and elevated blood pressure, which may trigger acute cardiovascular events such as angina. Carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood and leads to tissue hypoxia. More than 40 carcinogens such as benzo [a] pyrene in cigarettes can damage DNA, and long-term accumulation may lead to malignant tumors such as lung cancer. The accumulation of heavy metal cadmium in the body can damage kidney function and affect calcium and phosphorus metabolism. In special circumstances, smoking may trigger acute asthma attacks or exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Smoking during pregnancy can lead to fetal hypoxia, increasing the likelihood of premature birth and low birth weight infants. Smoking in diabetes patients will aggravate vascular diseases and accelerate complications. Smoking among teenagers can affect brain development, reduce attention and memory. Passive smokers also inhale harmful substances from secondhand smoke, increasing the risk of illness.
It is recommended that smokers quit smoking as soon as possible, which can be alleviated by shifting their attention and chewing sugar free gum. Daily consumption of citrus fruits and dark green vegetables rich in vitamin C can help eliminate free radicals. Regular aerobic exercise can improve lung function, and it is recommended to do brisk walking or swimming for at least half an hour 3-5 times a week. Maintain good air circulation in the living room and avoid exposure to secondhand smoke. When symptoms such as persistent cough and chest tightness occur, lung function tests should be performed promptly.
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