What are the diseases included in mental and psychological disorders

Psychological disorders mainly include depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. These diseases may be induced by genetic, environmental, or physiological factors, typically manifested as emotional abnormalities, impaired cognitive function, or behavioral disorders.

1. Depression

Depression is a mental disorder characterized by persistent low mood as its core symptom, which may be related to genetic susceptibility, chronic stress, or neurotransmitter imbalance. Patients often have decreased interest, sleep disorders, and changes in appetite, and in severe cases, may exhibit suicidal tendencies. Commonly used drugs in clinical practice, such as fluoxetine hydrochloride capsules, escitalopram oxalate tablets, and paroxetine hydrochloride tablets, require psychological intervention.

2. Anxiety disorder

Anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive worry and somatic symptoms, which may be related to amygdala overactivation, childhood trauma, or long-term stress. Typical symptoms include palpitations, sweating, and restlessness, and some patients may experience panic attacks. Treatment can use drugs such as lorazepam tablets, buspirone tablets, and sertraline hydrochloride tablets, combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy for better results.

3. Bipolar affective disorder

Bipolar affective disorder is characterized by alternating episodes of depression and mania, which may be related to abnormal functional connections in brain regions and disrupted biological rhythms. During the manic phase, symptoms such as increased activity and rapid speech may occur, while during the depressive phase, it manifests as a lack of motivation. Sodium valproate sustained-release tablets, lithium carbonate tablets, and quetiapine tablets are commonly used as mood stabilizers for treatment.

4. Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness that may be related to dopamine system disorders, brain structural abnormalities, or pregnancy infections. The core symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, cognitive disorders, and social dysfunction. Antipsychotic drugs such as olanzapine tablets, risperidone oral solution, and aripiprazole orally disintegrating tablets are the main treatment methods.

5. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder is characterized by uncontrollable compulsive thinking and behavior, which may be related to dysfunction of the basal ganglia or dysfunction of the serotonin system. Common manifestations include ritualistic behaviors such as repeated cleaning and inspection. The combination of exposure therapy with drugs such as clomipramine hydrochloride tablets, fluvoxamine tablets, and citalopram tablets can improve symptoms. For patients with mental and psychological disorders, it is recommended to maintain a regular schedule and moderate exercise, and avoid alcohol and caffeine intake. Family members should learn about disease-related knowledge and provide emotional support without excessive interference. All drug treatments must strictly follow medical advice and undergo regular follow-up to evaluate their efficacy. When there is a tendency towards self harm or injury, it is necessary to immediately contact professional institutions for crisis intervention. Early identification and systematic treatment can significantly improve prognosis.