What are the degradation products of human fibrinogen

The degradation products of human fibrinogen are fragments produced by the breakdown of fibrinogen in the fibrinolytic system, mainly including D-dimer, X fragment, Y fragment, etc. They are commonly used in clinical diagnosis of thrombotic diseases and fibrinolysis. Fibrinogen is a coagulation factor synthesized by the liver, which is converted into fibrin by thrombin during the coagulation process, forming blood clots. When the body experiences thrombosis or activation of the fibrinolytic system, fibrinolytic enzymes degrade fibrin and fibrinogen, producing various degradation products of varying sizes. D-dimer is a specific degradation product of cross-linked fibrin, and its elevated level suggests the presence of thrombosis and secondary fibrinolytic activity in the body. The X and Y fragments are early degradation products of fibrinogen, reflecting the activation state of the fibrinolytic system. These degradation products can be evaluated through blood testing and have important value in the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and disseminated intravascular coagulation.

The detection of human fibrinogen degradation products requires the collection of venous blood, commonly using immunoturbidimetry or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Healthy individuals have lower blood levels, but pregnancy, trauma, surgery, and other conditions may cause physiological elevation. Pathological elevation is common in diseases such as acute myocardial infarction, malignant tumors, and severe infections. The interpretation of the results needs to be combined with clinical manifestations and other laboratory tests. Abnormal indicators alone cannot directly diagnose the disease. Dynamic monitoring of changes in degradation product levels can help determine treatment efficacy and prognosis. Regular moderate exercise, balanced diet, and weight control can help maintain normal coagulation function. People at high risk of thrombosis should avoid prolonged sitting and regularly monitor relevant indicators when using anticoagulant drugs according to medical advice. When symptoms such as unexplained limb swelling, chest pain, and difficulty breathing occur, timely medical attention should be sought to check the level of fibrinogen degradation products.