Under what circumstances will biochemical pregnancy occur

Biochemical pregnancy refers to the situation where the fertilized egg fails to implant successfully or stops developing early, and only a brief increase in human chorionic gonadotropin is detected through blood testing. Possible causes include chromosomal abnormalities in the embryo, insufficient luteal function in the mother, abnormal uterine environment, immune factors, and endocrine disorders.

1. Chromosomal abnormalities in embryos

Chromosomal abnormalities in embryos are the most common cause of biochemical pregnancy, accounting for more than half of early pregnancy failures. Chromosomal abnormalities in number or structure may lead to the inability of embryos to develop normally, usually resulting in natural elimination by the mother before or shortly after implantation. The decline in egg quality among elderly pregnant women increases the probability of chromosomal abnormalities, and it is recommended to seek genetic counseling before pregnancy.

2. Maternal luteal insufficiency

Progesterone secreted by the corpus luteum is crucial for maintaining early pregnancy. If luteal insufficiency leads to low progesterone levels, the receptivity of the endometrium will decrease, affecting the implantation of fertilized eggs. Polycystic ovary syndrome, decreased ovarian reserve function, and other diseases are prone to cause luteal function defects, which require timely supplementation after evaluation through progesterone testing.

3. Abnormal uterine environment

Endometrial polyps, uterine fibroids, intrauterine adhesions and other lesions can change the shape of the uterine cavity and interfere with embryo implantation. Infectious diseases such as endometritis may produce inflammatory factors and destroy the microenvironment of embryonic development. It is recommended to undergo hysteroscopy examination before pregnancy to rule out organic uterine lesions.

4. Immune factors

Abnormal maternal immune system may recognize embryos as foreign objects for attack, commonly seen in autoimmune diseases such as antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Lack of blocking antibodies and excessive natural killer cell activity can also hinder embryonic development, and a clear diagnosis needs to be made through immunological examination.

5. Endocrine disorders

Endocrine diseases such as thyroid dysfunction and uncontrolled diabetes will disrupt the balance of hormones needed to maintain pregnancy. High levels of thyroid stimulating hormone or poor blood glucose control may affect embryo implantation. It is recommended to screen thyroid function and blood glucose indicators before pregnancy and actively regulate them.

For women who have experienced biochemical pregnancy, it is recommended to wait for 3 menstrual cycles before preparing for pregnancy, during which both parties should undergo chromosome testing, hormone testing, thyroid function, immune antibody testing, and other tests. Maintain a regular daily routine, supplement with folic acid and vitamin E, and avoid exposure to toxic and harmful substances. If biochemical pregnancy occurs repeatedly, it is necessary to further investigate issues such as antiphospholipid antibodies, coagulation function, and uterine environment. If necessary, immune regulation or assisted reproductive technology intervention should be carried out.