The difference between endorphins and dopamine in relieving anxiety

Both endorphins and dopamine can alleviate anxiety, but there are significant differences in their mechanisms and effects. Endorphins mainly alleviate stress-induced anxiety by inhibiting pain signals and generating pleasure, while dopamine improves motivation deficit anxiety by stimulating the reward system.

Endorphins are neurotransmitters naturally secreted by the human body during exercise, pain stimuli, or emotional fluctuations, which can bind to opioid receptors to produce pain relief and pleasure. The relaxation after long-distance running and the pleasure brought by spicy food are both related to the release of endorphins. This substance is more effective in relieving anxiety caused by physical discomfort or chronic stress, and its effect lasts longer but takes effect slowly, requiring continuous stimulation to maintain its effect. Dopamine mainly acts on the reward circuit of the brain, and is secreted in large quantities when achieving goals, receiving surprises, or experiencing novelty. The excitement of playing games and the sense of achievement after completing work both rely on dopamine regulation. It has a more significant effect on improving anxiety caused by lack of motivation or interest, with rapid onset but short duration, requiring continuous acquisition of new positive stimuli. Overreliance on dopamine stimulation may lead to addictive behavior and exacerbate the anxiety cycle.

It is recommended to balance the secretion of two substances through natural methods such as aerobic exercise and mindfulness meditation, and avoid relying on short-term pleasure stimuli. Maintaining a regular schedule and balanced diet can help maintain stable levels of neurotransmitters. When experiencing severe anxiety, it is necessary to seek professional psychological intervention rather than self-regulation of neurotransmitters.