Side effects of metformin for weight loss

Metformin, as a hypoglycemic drug used for weight loss, may have side effects such as gastrointestinal reactions and vitamin B12 deficiency. The weight loss effect of metformin is mainly used in specific populations such as polycystic ovary syndrome with insulin resistance, and caution should be exercised when using it for non indications.

Common side effects of metformin often occur in the early stages of medication, mainly manifested as gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal discomfort. These reactions are usually dose-dependent, and most patients can gradually tolerate them within 2-4 weeks. The pharmacological mechanism is related to changes in gut microbiota and increased lactate production. When using standardized medication, it is recommended to gradually increase the dosage from small doses and take it with meals to reduce irritation. Long term use may interfere with the absorption of vitamin B12, clinically manifested as peripheral neuropathy or anemia. It is recommended to regularly monitor serum vitamin B12 levels and supplement nutritional supplements if necessary. A serious but rare side effect of SEP is lactic acidosis, which is common in patients with liver and kidney dysfunction, acute infections, or dehydration who take medication. The clinical manifestations include unexplained fatigue, difficulty breathing, abdominal pain with hypotension, and a high mortality rate. This risk is extremely low in the healthy population who use standardized medication, but it should be avoided to consume excessive alcohol at the same time. Elderly people over 65 years old and long-term alcoholics need to strengthen renal function monitoring. More attention should be paid to the use of weight loss. When the insulin level of non diabetes patients is normal, it may cause hypoglycemic reaction due to excessive inhibition of hepatic glucose output.

Before using metformin for weight loss, indications should be evaluated, and liver and kidney function as well as vitamin levels should be monitored during treatment. It is not recommended for healthy individuals to solely use it for weight loss. Weight management should prioritize dietary adjustments and exercise interventions. If there are abnormal symptoms such as persistent vomiting and muscle soreness, seek medical attention immediately.