Is surgical weight loss effective

Surgical weight loss is usually effective, but strict evaluation of indications and surgical risks is required. Weight loss surgery mainly includes sleeve gastrectomy, gastric bypass surgery, gastric banding surgery, etc. It is suitable for severe obesity and other weight loss methods are ineffective. Sleeve gastrectomy reduces gastric volume and restricts food intake by removing a portion of gastric tissue. Within one year after surgery, 60% -70% of excess weight can be lost. Gastric bypass surgery reduces nutrient absorption by altering the food digestion pathway, resulting in a more significant weight loss effect but higher surgical risks. Gastric banding surgery uses adjustable bands to control the size of the gastric entrance, with minimal trauma but requiring long-term follow-up adjustments. The weight loss effect of surgery is closely related to postoperative dietary management. After surgery, it is necessary to strictly follow the principles of high protein, low-fat, and low sugar diet to avoid gastric dilation and malnutrition. Surgery may cause complications such as anastomotic leakage, dumping syndrome, and vitamin deficiency, requiring lifelong supplementation of nutrients and regular monitoring of metabolic indicators. After surgery, it is necessary to establish a healthy lifestyle, ensure 30 minutes of aerobic exercise daily, and avoid fried foods and sugary drinks. It is recommended to choose high nutrient dense foods such as whole grains, lean meat, and dark vegetables, and chew slowly with small amounts and multiple meals. Within one year after surgery, blood routine and trace elements will be rechecked monthly, and body composition analysis will be conducted three months later. If symptoms such as persistent vomiting, abdominal pain, and dizziness occur, seek medical attention promptly. Surgical weight loss is not a one-time solution, and long-term adherence to behavioral management and exercise plans is necessary to maintain its effectiveness.