High risk of abnormal liver function during pregnancy

Abnormal liver function during pregnancy is a high-risk complication, which may be caused by factors such as intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, acute fatty liver during pregnancy, viral hepatitis, drug-induced liver injury, and preeclampsia. Diagnosis needs to be confirmed through liver function tests, ultrasound examinations, serological tests, etc. Severe cases may require early termination of pregnancy.

1. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is mainly characterized by skin itching and jaundice, which often occurs in the middle and late stages of pregnancy. This condition is related to elevated estrogen levels and genetic factors, which may lead to risks such as fetal distress and premature birth. In terms of treatment, drugs such as ursodeoxycholic acid capsules and adenosylmethionine are mainly used, and fetal monitoring should be strengthened. If necessary, early termination of pregnancy is necessary.

2. Acute fatty liver during pregnancy

Acute fatty liver during pregnancy is a life-threatening emergency, commonly seen in late pregnancy, characterized by nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, jaundice, etc. The pathogenesis is related to mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorders, which may lead to multiple organ failure. After diagnosis, the pregnancy should be terminated immediately and comprehensive treatment such as plasma exchange and liver protection should be carried out. In severe cases, the patient should be transferred to the intensive care unit.

3. Viral hepatitis

Pregnancy infection with hepatitis B virus, hepatitis E virus, etc. may lead to abnormal liver function. Viral hepatitis is contagious and may infect fetuses through vertical transmission from mother to child. Treatment should be based on the type of virus, antiviral drugs should be selected, measures to block transmission should be taken during delivery, and newborns should be vaccinated and injected with immunoglobulin in a timely manner after birth.

4. Drug induced liver injury

Some pregnant women may experience drug-induced liver injury due to the use of certain drugs or health supplements, manifested as elevated transaminase levels, jaundice, etc. Common drugs that can cause liver damage include anti tuberculosis drugs, antibiotics, Chinese herbal medicines, etc. Suspected drugs should be stopped immediately for treatment, and liver protective drugs such as compound glycyrrhizin tablets and silymarin capsules should be used if necessary. Severe preeclampsia may lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and liver dysfunction, which are more common in early pregnancy. Long term vomiting can lead to malnutrition and metabolic disorders, which in turn affect liver function. The treatment mainly focuses on fluid replacement and correction of electrolyte imbalance. In severe cases, antiemetic drugs can be used for a short period of time. Most patients can relieve their symptoms on their own in mid pregnancy. When liver function abnormalities occur during pregnancy, pregnant women should maintain sufficient rest and avoid overexertion. Choose easily digestible, low-fat, and high protein foods in diet, and supplement vitamins in moderation. Regularly undergo prenatal check ups, strictly follow medical advice on medication, and avoid self medication that may damage the liver. Maintain a positive attitude and seek medical attention promptly when symptoms such as skin itching, jaundice, and fatigue occur. For high-risk pregnant women, it is recommended to undergo prenatal check ups and delivery in tertiary hospitals to ensure the safety of both mother and baby.