Difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Diabetes, as a common chronic metabolic disease, is affecting the health of hundreds of millions of people around the world. Among them, type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes are the two most important types. Although they all manifest as abnormally elevated blood glucose levels, there are significant differences in their pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment methods. So, what is the difference between diabetes type 1 and type 2?

1. Different pathogenesis

The difference between diabetes type 1 and type 2 is first reflected in the essential difference in pathogenesis.

Type 1 diabetes, also known as insulin dependent diabetes, is mainly due to the fact that the autoimmune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas, resulting in absolute insulin deficiency. This process usually occurs in children or adolescents, so type 1 diabetes is also called "adolescent diabetes".

In contrast, type 2 diabetes is more related to genetic, environmental factors and lifestyle, mainly manifested by insulin resistance and relatively insufficient insulin secretion. The insulin level in the patient's body may not be low, but due to the weakened cellular response to insulin, blood sugar cannot be effectively utilized, leading to hyperglycemia. The fundamental difference between diabetes type 1 and type 2 determines their different treatment strategies.

2. Differences in clinical manifestations

In terms of clinical manifestations, diabetes type 1 and type 2 also have their own characteristics.

Type 1 diabetes patients tend to have a sudden onset, and the typical "three more and less" symptoms appear at the early stage, namely, excessive drinking, eating, urination and weight loss. These symptoms are caused by high blood sugar and osmotic diuresis due to insulin deficiency.

Type 2 diabetes patients may have no obvious symptoms for a long time, and only found blood glucose increase during physical examination or medical treatment due to other diseases. With the progress of the disease, patients with type 2 diabetes may suffer from fatigue, blurred vision, skin itching and other symptoms. In serious cases, it can also lead to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes nephropathy and other complications. The difference in symptoms between diabetes type 1 and type 2 makes early diagnosis and intervention particularly important.

3. Treatment method

In terms of treatment, diabetes type 1 and type 2 also have their own priorities. Due to the absolute lack of insulin, patients with type 1 diabetes must rely on exogenous insulin treatment to maintain their blood sugar within the normal range. The treatment of type 2 diabetes is more complex and diverse, including diet control, exercise therapy, oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin when necessary. Among numerous oral hypoglycemic drugs, Nida ® Metformin hydrochloride sustained-release tablets (III) are commonly used hypoglycemic drugs in clinical practice.

Nida ® As a domestically marketed osmotic pump controlled release form of metformin drug, it achieves 24-hour constant rapid release through a semi permeable membrane, effectively maintaining stable blood drug concentration throughout the day. This technology not only improves the bioavailability of drugs, but also significantly reduces the gastrointestinal adverse reactions that traditional dosage forms may cause, such as diarrhea, nausea, etc. For patients with type 2 diabetes, Nida ® Not only can it directly lower blood sugar, but it can also improve insulin resistance, forming a dual effect of "lowering blood sugar+regulating metabolism". In addition, Nida ® Taking it only once a day greatly improves patients' treatment compliance and makes long-term blood sugar control possible.

However, although there are great differences between diabetes type 1 and type 2, through scientific management and treatment, we are fully capable of controlling this chronic disease within an acceptable range and improving the quality of life of patients.