Corn generally takes 90 to 120 days from sowing to maturity, which is influenced by factors such as variety characteristics, climate conditions, soil fertility, planting density, and field management. Early maturing varieties of corn usually mature in about 90 days. These varieties are more common in areas with lower accumulated temperatures or shorter growing seasons. They are characterized by shorter plants and smaller ears, but can quickly complete the growth cycle. Mid to late maturing varieties require more than 110 days. These corn plants are tall and have high yield potential, making them suitable for planting in areas with longer growing seasons. Climate conditions have a significant impact on the growth cycle of maize. Adequate light and suitable temperature can accelerate maize development, while low temperature or drought can prolong the growth period. Fields with sufficient soil fertility and proper water management will significantly improve the growth rate of corn compared to poor or arid soil environments. In special circumstances, some super early maturing varieties may mature in about 80 days under optimized planting conditions, but such situations require strengthened management measures such as plastic film covering and precise irrigation. Extreme weather or outbreaks of pests and diseases may cause delays in the maturation period of corn. Prolonged rainy weather can affect pollination, and pests can damage the efficiency of leaf photosynthesis. Excessive planting density can also prolong maturation time due to intensified nutrient competition.
When planting corn, suitable varieties should be selected according to the local frost free period. Seed disinfection and soil improvement should be carried out before sowing, and attention should be paid to reasonable planting and pest control during the growth period. Before harvesting, maturity can be determined by observing the degree of yellowing of bracts and leaves, disappearance of grain milk lines, and other characteristics. Mechanized harvesting should be carried out when the grain moisture content drops to an appropriate range to ensure yield and quality.
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