What is the reason for losing weight and diabetes

Weight loss can improve the condition of diabetes, which is mainly related to reducing insulin resistance, reducing visceral fat, restoring islet function, improving metabolic disorder, reducing chronic inflammation and other factors. Diabetes is usually caused by genetic factors, obesity, bad living habits, pancreatic diseases, hormone abnormalities and other reasons, manifested as polydipsia, weight loss, blurred vision and other symptoms.

1. Relieve insulin resistance

Excessive accumulation of adipose tissue can interfere with insulin signaling, leading to decreased insulin sensitivity in muscles and liver. After weight loss, the volume of adipocytes decreases, the secretion of adipokines tends to be normal, and the number of insulin receptors increases, which helps glucose transporters function. After the reduction of insulin resistance, the efficiency of blood glucose utilization increases, and fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels decrease accordingly. This kind of improvement is more common in early patients with type 2 diabetes.

2. Reduce visceral fat

The breakdown of deep abdominal fat releases free fatty acids and inflammatory factors, directly damaging the function of pancreatic beta cells. Losing 5% -10% weight through dietary control and exercise can significantly reduce intra-abdominal fat deposition and synchronously decrease liver fat content. After the reduction of visceral fat, hepatic gluconeogenesis is inhibited, and glucagon secretion returns to normal, which helps stabilize basal blood glucose. Ultrasound testing shows that the visceral fat area of some patients can be reduced by more than 30%.

Thirdly, restoring pancreatic function

Obesity induced glucose and lipid toxicity environment can lead to the dedifferentiation of pancreatic beta cells. After continuous weight loss, the glucose sensitivity of beta cells improves and the first phase secretion of insulin partially recovers. Research has observed that individuals who lose more than 15 kilograms can increase their beta cell function index by 60%, which is related to the alleviation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial function repair. The response ability of pancreatic alpha cells to changes in blood glucose will also be enhanced synchronously.

Fourth, improve metabolic disorders

Fat tissue remodeling after weight loss, with an increase in adiponectin levels and a decrease in leptin levels, correcting lipid metabolism abnormalities. The deposition of triglycerides in liver cells decreases, and the liver insulin clearance rate returns to normal. The increase in capillary density of muscle tissue and the enhancement of muscle glycogen synthase activity help promote postprandial glucose uptake. These changes resulted in an average decrease of 1% -2% in glycated hemoglobin levels.

Fifth, reduce chronic inflammation

Macrophages infiltrate adipose tissue under obese conditions, continuously releasing pro-inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor. After weight loss, inflammation of adipose tissue is reduced, monocyte chemoattractant protein levels decrease, and systemic oxidative stress is alleviated. The decrease of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein, indirectly improves vascular endothelial function, which has positive significance in preventing complications of diabetes.

After the remission of diabetes, it is still necessary to maintain a healthy weight. It is recommended to adopt the Mediterranean diet mode, with a daily intake of more than 25g dietary fiber, and choose whole grains, deep-sea fish, olive oil and other ingredients. Perform 150 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic exercise combined with resistance training every week, and regularly monitor blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin. Avoid high sugar and high-fat diets and sedentary behavior, and ensure 7-8 hours of high-quality sleep. If there is a fluctuation in blood sugar, seek medical attention promptly and it is not recommended to adjust hypoglycemic drugs on one's own.