What is EPA in DHA

EPA in DHA is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, also known as eicosapentaenoic acid. It co exists with DHA in natural foods such as deep-sea fish oil and algae, and has synergistic effects in regulating blood lipids, anti-inflammatory, and other aspects.

1. Physiological Function of EPA

EPA, as an essential fatty acid in the human body, mainly participates in cell membrane composition and prostaglandin synthesis. It can inhibit platelet aggregation, reduce blood viscosity, and help prevent atherosclerosis. EPA competitively inhibits arachidonic acid metabolism, reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and has an improving effect on chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical studies have shown that the combination of EPA and DHA can enhance neuroprotective effects on the brain.

II. Synergistic Relationship between EPA and DHA

EPA can be partially converted into DHA in the body, but the conversion rate is low and requires direct supplementation. Both regulate triglyceride metabolism together, with EPA focusing on reducing very low-density lipoprotein and DHA focusing on increasing high-density lipoprotein. DHA plays a dominant role in infant brain development, while EPA intake needs to be controlled; Middle aged and elderly cardiovascular health care requires maintaining a ratio of approximately 1.5:1 between EPA and DHA.

III. The dietary source of EPA

Deep sea fish such as sardine and mackerel contain about 1-2 grams of EPA per 100 grams. Algae oil is the main source of vegetarians. The processing method affects the retention rate, and steaming reduces the loss by half compared to frying. Pregnant women are recommended to consume 200 milligrams of EPA per day, which can be achieved by consuming low mercury fish 2-3 times a week. People who are allergic to fish can choose EPA supplements extracted from microalgae.

4. EPA Requirements for Special Groups

Coronary heart disease patients need to consume more than 1 gram of EPA+DHA per day, but it should be discontinued two weeks before surgery to prevent bleeding risks. The EPA content in infant formula should not exceed one-third of DHA. When patients with hypertriglyceridemia use high-purity EPA preparations of 4 grams per day, liver function changes need to be monitored.

V. Metabolic Characteristics of EPA

EPA absorption in the intestine relies on bile emulsification, and co administration with fat soluble vitamins can enhance bioavailability. Its half-life is about 20 hours, and after continuous supplementation for 2-3 months, the EPA content in the red blood cell membrane tends to stabilize. Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can accelerate the oxidation and decomposition of EPA, while vitamin E can protect its molecular structure. When choosing DHA supplements containing EPA, attention should be paid to checking the ingredient ratios and purity labeling. Daily diet can increase the intake of alpha linolenic acid rich foods such as flaxseed and walnuts, which can be partially converted into EPA in the body. Use monounsaturated fatty acid oils such as olive oil for cooking to avoid damaging the EPA structure at high temperatures. Regular testing of blood omega-3 index can evaluate the effectiveness of supplementation, and the ideal range should be maintained at 8% or above. Individuals with seafood allergies should consult before supplementing to avoid triggering allergic reactions.