What happens if EPA eats too much

Excessive intake of EPA may increase the risk of bleeding and affect immune function, but moderate supplementation is beneficial for cardiovascular health. The effects of excessive intake of EPA mainly include bleeding tendency, immune suppression, gastrointestinal discomfort, blood glucose fluctuations, oxidative stress, etc.

1. Bleeding tendency

EPA has antiplatelet aggregation effects, and excessive amounts may prolong clotting time. Symptoms include gum bleeding, nosebleeds, or subcutaneous bruising. Those taking anticoagulant drugs should pay special attention. It is recommended to stop high-dose EPA supplementation two weeks before surgery and avoid daily use in combination with medications such as aspirin.

2. Immunosuppression

High doses of EPA can inhibit lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production. Long term overdose may reduce the defense ability against viruses and bacteria, and patients with autoimmune diseases should be cautious. The impact can be evaluated by detecting serum immunoglobulin levels.

3. Gastrointestinal discomfort

Daily intake exceeding 3000 milligrams may cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and diarrhea. Patients with irritable bowel syndrome are more prone to reactions, and it is recommended to take them with meals or switch to enteric coated preparations to alleviate irritation.

4. Blood glucose fluctuations

EPA may cause abnormal blood glucose by affecting insulin sensitivity. Patients with diabetes need to monitor the changes of fasting blood glucose to avoid hypoglycemia caused by synergistic effects with hypoglycemic drugs.

5. Oxidative stress

Excessive intake of unsaturated fatty acids increases the risk of lipid peroxidation. It is recommended to use it in conjunction with antioxidants such as vitamin E, and store it away from light and moisture to delay oxidation and deterioration.

Daily supplement of EPA should be controlled within the range of 250-2000 mg per day, and priority should be given to mackerel, sardine and other foods. Special populations should be advised to discontinue use immediately if abnormal bleeding or persistent diarrhea occurs before use. Maintaining dietary diversity can avoid excessive intake of a single nutrient, while ensuring sufficient intake of vegetables and fruits to balance fatty acid metabolism.