What are the side effects of excessive EPA intake

Excessive intake of EPA may lead to increased bleeding tendency, immune suppression, gastrointestinal discomfort, and other side effects. The effects of excessive intake of EPA mainly include abnormal coagulation function, imbalanced inflammatory response, blood glucose fluctuations, elevated liver enzymes, and intensified oxidative stress.

1. Abnormal coagulation function

EPA has antiplatelet aggregation effect, excessive intake can prolong coagulation time, increase the risk of bleeding such as subcutaneous bruising and nosebleeds. Long term high-dose supplementation may interfere with vitamin K metabolism and affect coagulation factor synthesis. Before and after surgery or taking anticoagulant drugs, special attention should be paid to controlling intake.

2. Imbalance of inflammatory response

Although EPA can regulate inflammation, excessive inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production can lead to a decrease in immune response ability. Delayed wound healing and recurrent infections may occur. Patients with autoimmune diseases need to adjust their supplementary dosage under the guidance of a doctor.

3. Blood glucose fluctuations

High doses of EPA may affect insulin sensitivity, leading to abnormal fluctuations in fasting blood glucose levels. Diabetes patients need to closely monitor the changes of blood glucose when taking supplements to avoid interaction with hypoglycemic drugs.

4. Elevated liver enzymes

Excessive EPA metabolism in the liver may cause temporary elevation of transaminases, and long-term excess may increase the metabolic burden on the liver. Individuals with abnormal liver function should undergo regular testing of ALT and AST indicators. If any abnormalities occur, immediate cessation of use and medical attention should be sought.

5. Increased oxidative stress

EPA belongs to polyunsaturated fatty acids, and excessive intake can increase the risk of lipid peroxidation. May manifest as oxidative stress symptoms such as fatigue and headache, it is recommended to supplement with antioxidants such as vitamin E.

It is recommended to consume deep-sea fish 2-3 times a week in daily diet to meet EPA requirements. If fish oil supplements are needed, the daily intake of EPA for adults should not exceed 1800 milligrams. Stop immediately when experiencing discomfort symptoms such as diarrhea and rash. Pregnant women, children, and patients with chronic diseases should consult a nutritionist or avoid taking aspirin and other medications together before use. It is safer to maintain a balanced diet and give priority to obtaining EPA from natural foods such as mackerel and sardine.