What are the risks and sequelae of masseter muscle surgery

Surgical removal of masseter muscles may pose risks and sequelae such as nerve damage, postoperative swelling, infection, abnormal bite function, and facial asymmetry. This surgery is mainly used to improve the problem of masseter muscle hypertrophy, and the indications need to be strictly evaluated and operated by professional doctors.

1. Neurological injury

During surgery, facial nerve branches may be damaged, leading to temporary or permanent facial expression muscle weakness. Symptoms include crooked corners of the mouth, bulging cheeks, and air leakage. Most patients can recover within 3-6 months, while a few may have long-term functional impairments. Preoperative 3D imaging assessment of nerve course can reduce risk.

2. Postoperative swelling

After masseter muscle resection, there is a significant local tissue trauma reaction, usually accompanied by severe swelling and bruising, which lasts for 1-2 weeks and reaches its peak. Ice therapy and pressure bandaging can help alleviate symptoms, but complete resolution takes 1-3 months. Excessive swelling may compress the respiratory tract and requires close observation.

3. Infection risk

The oral microbiota environment is complex, and postoperative incision or deep tissue infections may occur. Manifesting as redness, swelling, hot pain, abnormal secretions, in severe cases requiring debridement and drainage. Preoperative oral disinfection and postoperative antibiotic prevention can be effectively controlled, and the infection rate of diabetes patients is high.

4. Abnormal bite

Changes in masseter muscle volume may affect the mechanical balance of the temporomandibular joint, resulting in weak chewing, joint clicking, or pain. Adjustment of bite plates is required, and in severe cases, orthodontic intervention is necessary. Preoperative simulation of bite relationship and accurate calculation of resection amount are key preventive measures.

5. Facial asymmetry

Differences in the amount of masseter muscle resection or degree of healing on both sides can lead to facial contour asymmetry, especially when smiling. Mild asymmetry can be corrected by injection, while severe asymmetry requires secondary surgery for repair. Real time intraoperative comparative measurement can reduce this complication.

After surgery, it is necessary to maintain a liquid diet for 2 weeks and avoid vigorous chewing and excessive mouth opening movements. Regularly review and evaluate the recovery status, and seek medical attention promptly if there is persistent pain or functional abnormalities. Long term maintenance requires controlling the habit of chewing hard objects and promoting lymphatic return through facial massage. Choosing experienced maxillofacial surgeons and reputable medical institutions can significantly reduce surgical risks, and it is crucial to have sufficient preoperative communication about expected outcomes and potential complications.